Notes on the Recent Limestones of Cape Colony. 429 



slopes are gentle, as in the wide tract of open country east and north- 

 east of Saldanha Bay, the limestone forms a continuous covering 

 which gradually disappears at a distance of from five to twenty 

 miles from the coast. Streams have sometimes cut through the 

 limestone and laid bare the underlying rock. 



At Hoetjes Bay quarry about 50 ft. of limestone are seen in 

 section. Near Langebaan cliffs of an equal or greater height have 

 been cut in the rock, which in both localities descends below the 

 level of low tides. 



At Paternoster a well was sunk 70 ft. through the rock on 

 the low ground near the shore before the underlying rock was 

 reached. 



Near North- West Bay the limestone forms a prominent ridge, like 

 a line of sand-dunes, at a short distance from the shore. This mode 

 of occurrence is much more frequently met with on the south 

 coast. 



Southwards from Saldanha Bay, round Yzer Fontein Point to the 

 shores of Table Bay, there is much limestone and blown sand, but 

 they offer no special features for remark. 



On the south coast limestone covers extensive areas between the 

 mouths of the Bot and Breede Eivers. 



There are striking hill ranges of the rock near the Klein Eiver, 

 between Uilenkraal River and Carruthers' Hill, west of Zout 

 Anysberg, north of Cape Agulhas, south-west of Bredasdorp, and 

 between that village and Cape Infanta. 



The limestone also occurs in less conspicuous patches, and as a 

 general covering more or less continuously along the coast. 



The hill ranges are not simple ridges, but are made up of 

 collections of ridges separated by longitudinal valleys, in which the 

 underlying rock is never seen. 



The limestone composing the hills is bedded, and in every good 

 section false bedding can be seen (Plate X., and fig. 1). 



The trend of the hills is more or less parallel with the nearest 

 shore line. 



In addition to the longitudinal valleys separating the component 

 hills of a range there are transverse ones ; some of these are 

 occupied by rivers that flow from the country behind the range, 

 which is considerably lower than the average height of the range 

 itself. Instances of such valleys are seen along the Uilenkraal 

 and Bushman Eivers near Danger Point, and in those parts of the 

 Kars and Salt Eivers north-east of Bredasdorp. Smaller transverse 

 kloofs drain the hills to the north and south. 



