Origin of tJie Angiospermoiis Flora of South Africa. 349 



by Hooker and other distinguished botanists, but for fuUer informa- 

 tion we must turn again to Engler's pubHcations. With regard to 

 the relations of the Flora of the Tropical African mountains to the 

 Flora of South Africa he says (1892, p. 79) : '* In conformity with the 

 orographical configuration of Africa there are intimate relations 

 between the Tropical African mountain vegetation and of the Flora 

 of South Africa, but not with the Flora of South-West Cape Colony, 

 which represents quite a different floral element." 



" The following species are only found in South Africa and the 

 Tropical African mountains : Podocar^us falcata and P. elongata, 

 Trichocladus cllipticus, Calodendron cape7ise, Ilex capensis, Bhamnus 

 prinoides, Myrsine africana and M. melanophloda (also in Macaro- 

 nesia), Olea laurifolia, Clerodendron myricoides, Clausenia inaqualis, 

 Brucea antidysenterica, Greiuia occidentalism Zizyphtos mucronata, 

 Tarchonanthus camphoratus, therefore mostly baccate and drupaceous 

 woody plants, of w^hich, however, some, like Zizyphus mucronata, 

 Olea laurifolia, considering the size of their fruits, could only spread 

 slowly. Several of these forest-plants may formerly, when the 

 steppe-vegetation was more restricted and the forest fires caused 

 by man did not take place, been more widely distributed. Of shade- 

 plants there are in South Africa and the Tropical African mountains : 

 Penni$etum macrourum, Agrostis vestita, Cyathula globulifera, Phy- 

 tolacca abyssinica, Thalictrum rhynchocarpitm, Stephania abyssinica, 

 Indigofera endecaphylla, Hibiscus Ludioigii and H, gossypinus, Phay- 

 lopsis longifolia, Goccinia adoe^isis, Lobelia stellarioides ; of steppe- 

 plants: Andropogon Schimperi and lepidus, Lasiosiphon Kraicssiiy 

 Monsonia biflora^ Herinannia abyssinica, Oldenlaiidia caffra, Senecio 

 longifiorus ; of rock-plants : Adiantum cethiopicum, Cheilanthes multi- 

 fida, Pteridella hastata, Mohria, Panicum diagonals, Brachypoditim 

 flexum, Ornithogalum Eckloni, Pollichia campestris, Crassula subidata, 

 Osteospermum muricatum and 0. moniliferimi, Gerbera abyssinica ; of 

 mountain-pasture plants (Bergwiesenpflanzen) : Melinis ^ninutiflora, 

 Ehrharta abyssinica, Kyllingia pulchella, Ficinia clandestina, Scirpus 

 schoenoides, Carex Boryana, Asparagus plumosus, Hypoxis villosa, 

 Aristea anceps^ Dierama pendula, Liparis capensis, Hebenstreitia 

 dentata, Helichrysum elega^itissimum, H. fcetidum, H. setosum, 

 Athrixia rosmarini folia, Artemisia afra, Ursinia annua; of marsh- 

 plants : Polygonum serr<ulatum and P. tormentosum, Cyperus rubi- 

 cwidus, and C. assijnilis, Gunnera perpensa, Belmontia grandis." 



" To these numerous species, which are distributed chiefly from the 

 East African mountains as far as South Africa, may be added others 

 which have their nearest relations in South Africa : Faurea, the 

 Pittospora of Abyssinia and the Cameroons, species of Heteromorpha, 



