94 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



under it quite frequently in Gilmer county, where, as in Lewis, it is 

 known as the Chestnut Oalc coal. Doctor White found impure lime- 

 stones, 2 and 3 feet, at 135 and 22 feet above the Pittsburg, the higher 

 bed only 10 feet below the great sandstone. Other massive, more or 

 less pebbly sandstones, each 40 feet thick, are at 55 and 147 feet above 

 the Pittsburg coal bed. That bed varies greatly in Gilmer county, some- 

 times double and 7 feet thick; at others with only the lower bench, while 

 in a large part of the county it is wanting. Eed shale is reported from 

 a few places in Gilmer; there is much of it at the southeast, near the 

 Braxton border, and a well at the northeast near the Lewis line reports 

 76 feet at 175 feet above the Pittsburg-^a deposit widespread in other 

 counties — while on the western border 88 feet thickness overlies the calcu- 

 lated place of the Pittsburg coal.* 



Calhoun county, southwest from Gilmer and southeast from Wirt, is 

 east from Eoane. The conditions are very obscure in Calhoim and Eoane 

 and one may draw only tentative conclusions from the records, which 

 prove little more than that the series is unbroken by any physical 

 boundary from the Conemaugh to the Dunkard. One Calhoun record 

 shows a thin coal bed, not far from the place of the Pittsburg, underlying 

 125 feet of red shale, on which rests a sandstone 50 feet, but another gives 

 only 60 feet of red shale in two beds within the same interval. A record 

 in northern Eoane shows apparently the same sandstone resting on 15 

 feet of red, but there is no more red in 250 feet below. The red shales 

 are less important in northern Eoane than in Eitchie and Wood, the 

 greatest thickness being 84 feet in four beds within 225 feet above the 

 presumed Pittsburg horizon.f 



Jackson county, west from Eoane and Wirt, is south from Wood, along 

 the Ohio river. In the southern part, near Kenna, 10 miles from Sisson, 

 north from Sissonville, in the Kanawha area of Pittsburg coal, a detailed 

 record shows no coal at that horizon; but it may be that the horizon is 

 represented by 24 feet of carbonaceous shale underlying 23 feet of sand- 

 stone. Above the sandstone for 316 feet are only shales holding two red 

 beds, 92 and 58 feet, at 84 and 240 feet above the black shale. Twenty- 

 two miles northwest is a record at Eavenswood, on the Ohio, starting 

 near the place of the Washington coal bed. The Pittsburg coal bed is 

 here, reported 5 feet thick, and underlying a sandstone of 53 feet. Eed 

 shales 12, 8, and 10 feet are at 73, 151, and 186 feet above the coal, and 

 above the highest bed there is evidently a sandstone, though it is not 



• I. C. White : Vol. i, p. 257 ; vol. ia, p. 386 ; vol. li, pp. 142, 182. 186. 

 t I. C. White : Vol. i, p. 264 ; vol. la, pp. 395, 396 ; vol. 11, pp. 398, 399. 



