DUNKARD FORMATION 111 



often found within 50 and another at about 100 feet below the Washing- 

 ton; a bed near the Waynesburg A is in Muskingum of Ohio and Harri- 

 son of West Virginia; but reds are imknown elsewhere, except at one 

 locality in southwest Washington county of Pennsylvania, where a bed 

 10 feet thick is at 30 feet below the Washington. In geographical ex- 

 tent, the reds of this interval are inferior to the Tyler reds and far in- 

 ferior to the Eitchie reds. 



An expansion appears in the interval between the Washington coal bed 

 and Upper Washington limestone. Well records are wanting in several 

 counties within the "red area," but enough is known from surface obser- 

 vations to show that, as before, the chief importance is in that area. In 

 Wood county of West Virginia red shale is present in some well or other 

 at every foot of the interval, and in Washington county of Ohio the 

 same statement is true for 150 feet above the coal. In those counties 

 the beds are 50 to 100 feet thick. Beds are in the bottom 70 feet of 

 the interval as far north as Wetzel and as far east as Harrison county, 

 but they are wanting apparently in Marshall and in Belmont of Ohio. 

 A very persistent deposit begins at 70 to 90 feet above the coal and is 

 present in all of the counties named, including Marshall and Belmont, 

 and a still higher deposit is shown at Moundsville, 45 feet thick and 

 directly underlying the Upper Washington limestone. Its place is not 

 reached in any recorded section farther north, but it is doubless repre- 

 sented farther south by some of the thin beds. No records are available 

 for Monongalia and Marion counties of West Virginia, but in all prob- 

 ability these reds are there, for a well record just over the line in Greene 

 county of Pennsylvania notes three beds in this interval, in all 50 feet; 

 but elsewhere in Greene, Washington, and Payette of Pennsylvania and 

 eastern Marshall of West Virginia there appears to be no trace of reds 

 in this interval except at three widely separated places, one in west central 

 Greene, 2 feet, under the Franklin limestone, one in Perry township, 

 10 feet, at the Middle Washington horizon, and a third in southwest 

 Washington, where a deposit 60 feet thick is divided by the Middle 

 Washington. The reds of this interval have less extent than that of the 

 Washington reds in the Conemaugh. 



One riding over the counties of Eitchie, Wood, and Calhoun of West 

 Virginia recognizes the great amount of red shale in the next interval, 

 that reaching to the Nineveh limestone ; but details are not accessible. 

 Measurements of surface exposures would be worthless for comparison, 

 owing to variability of the beds, and there are no well records, as the 

 drillers see nothing worth recording in the dreary alternations of shale 

 and sandstone. Doctor White mentions a "great mass" of reds under- 



