168 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



Measures of Nebraska. Of the 43 species common to his list and that 

 from the Appalachian, onl}' 7 are confined to the Upper Coal Measures 

 of Illinois, the others occurring throughout the section in that state; but 

 of those 7 one finds that in the Appalachian 3 begin at the Mercer hori- 

 zon, 1 at the Brush Creek, and 3 at the Ames. The short lists by Messrs 

 Bennett and Hall of forms from the Upper Coal Measures of Kansas 

 show 18 of the 43 species, all of which except 5 are found as low as the 

 Vanport; of those, 2 are in the Brush Creek and 3 in the Ames. In 

 Professor Prosser's list of Permian forms, 5 are in the Appalachian list,^ 

 of which 2 begin in the Maxville, 1 in the Mercer, 1 in the Vanport and 

 1, Yoldia suhscitula, is so near to Yoldia stevensoni from shales under- 

 lying the Ames, that the latter name is little better than a svnon}Tn. As 

 far. as the present imperfect information goes, the Allegheny and Cone- 

 maugh seem to be equivalent to the Lower Coal Measures of the Mis- 

 sissippi valley; further than that, one may not go. , 



Comparatively little is known respecting the vertebrate fauna of the 

 Pennsylvanian, such studies as have been made being confined practically 

 to forms occurring at a single locality. Professor Newberry * described 

 fish remains from the Upper Freeport and Tionesta coal beds of Colum- 

 biana county, Ohio, with a few forms obtained elsewhere. According to 

 his reference of these forms, there are elasmobranchs, ganoids, and 

 lepidosteids present, of which -20 are peculiar to one locality. Three- 

 elasmobranchs and lepidosteids have a wider distribution. Ctenobranchus 

 marshii Newb. was described from Allegheny beds near Zanesville, Ohio. 

 Doctor Newberry identified with this species, whose associations are 

 wholly marine, a spine from the upper Monongahela, obtained near 

 Washington, Pennsylvania, where it is accompanied by Eelodus and 

 Lophodus. The features show no change whatever. Petalodus, Peri- 

 pristis, Deltodus, and Lophodus were found in shale underlying the 

 Ames limestone near Morgantown, in West Virginia, and Petalodus 

 occurs in the Ames of northern Ohio. Large scales, belonging to 

 Ehizodus, were found by Doctor White in shale accompanying the Mid- 

 dle Washington limestone of Washington county, Pennsylvania. 



Professor Copef described 35 species of batrachians, all except one- 

 confined to the Upper Freeport coal bed at Linton, Columbiana county, 

 Ohio. No remains of this class have been reported elsewhere, though 

 one finds occasional mention of what appears to be footprints. 



TSE FLORA 



The earliest attempt at systematic study of American Coal Measures 



* J. S. Newberry : Palseontology of Ohio, vol. ii, pp. 41 et seq. 

 t E. D. Cope : Palaeontology of Ohio, vol. ii, pp. 351 et seq. 



