HAENKE AND GALIANO GLACIERS 267 



has therefore been little opportunity for ablation to lower the morainic 

 debris into the recently formed crevasses of Haenke glacier. 



If the advance which has pushed Haenke glacier out into Disenchant- 

 ment bay should continue, and if the neighboring glaciers should share in 

 it, it seems by no means improbable that the ice-cliff of Turner glacier 

 might be united with that of Hubbard glacier. Such a paroxysmal thrust 

 as has affected this small valley glacier, extended to the much greater 

 Hubbard and Turner glaciers, might even result in again filling Disen- 

 chantment bay with glacier ice. This result would surely come about if 

 these two great glaciers should receive a similar impulse proportional to 

 their great size. Even as applied to this small Haenke glacier, the for- 

 ward movement is astonishing; and although, owing to the uncertainty 

 as to the cause and the nature of its effects, no prediction can be made as 

 to the future, it is certainly within the realm of possibility that the next 

 few years may witness some remarkable changes in the great tidal glaciers 

 of Disenchantment bay. 



GALIANO GLACIER ' 



Condition in 1890. — In 1800 Professor Russell camped on the west 

 side of Disenchantment bay, near the end of Galiano glacier (plate 13). 

 He gives the following description of its terminus :* 



"To the north of our camp, aixl about a mile distant, rose a densely wooded 

 hill about 300 feet high, with a curving outline, convex southward. This hill 

 had excited my curiosity on first catching sight of the shore, and I decided to 

 make it my first study. Its position at the mouth of a steep gorge in the hills 

 beyond, down which a small glacier flowed, suggested that it might be an an- 

 .cient moraine, deposited at a time when the ice-stream advanced farther than 

 at present. My surprise therefore was great when, after forcing my way 

 through the dense thickets, I reached the top of the hill, and found a large 

 kettle-shaped depression, the sides of which were solid walls of ice fifty feet 

 high. This showed at once that the supposed hill was really the extremity of 

 a glacier, long dead and deeply buried beneath forest-covered debris. In the 

 bottom of the kettle-like depression lay a pond of muddy water, and, as the 

 ice-cliffs about the lakelet melted in the warm sunlight, miniature avalanches 

 of ice and stones, mingled with sticks and bushes that had been undermined, 

 frequently rattled down its sides and splashed into the waters below. Further 

 examination revealed the fact that scores of such kettles are scattered over 

 the surface of the buried glacier. This ice-stream is that designated the 

 Galiano glacier on the accompanying map." 



The photographs which Professor Russell took of Galiano glacier show 

 clearly that its lower end was then completely covered with alder thicket 



* National Geographic Magazine, toI. 3, 1891, p. 89. 



