418 M. JEFFERSON GLACIAL EROSION IN THE NORTHFIORD 



The glacier descends to the northward like the Kjendalsbrae, is con- 

 tinuo-us, of gentle descent, very dirty, symmetrically crevassed, and 

 seemed to have something like a lateral moraine of gravel along its east 

 side, thoiTgh this was only glimpsed through cloud and mist. The 

 crevassing of the ice front gives it a jagged outline, within many of 

 whose notches lay tiny lakes. The ice lay on gravel free of moraine at 

 the present front. JSTo ledge is visible at any point of the valley floor; 

 but the brook, cutting deeply, about 31/2 miles up from the valley mouth 

 encounters ledge far below the floor, which is here represented by grassy 

 benches above. 



The Hanging Valleys 



reference to origin of hanging y alleys 



As I understand the view of hanging valleys current in this country, 

 they are tributary valleys whose floors are high above the main valley 

 floor at or very near the point of junction, a small tributary glacier 

 eroding its valley less than the greater one in the main valley. There 

 seems to be implied the condition that they lead from catchment areas 

 smaller than those supplying the main valley. They have themselves 

 been eroded by the ice tongue from this small neve field. Their 'Tiung 

 up" character is thought to result from the difference in erosive power 

 in the two valleys. The level of their mouths would seem to be fixed 

 by the magnitude of the ice stream that they contain. It is not, there- 

 fore, necessary that adjacent ones lie at the same height above the valley 

 floor. Three side valleys of this sort seem to occur near the head of the 

 JSTorthfiord (see figure 2). More numerous examples occur of the bot- 

 ner (or cirque) type, draining only their own area, with no neve field 

 behind, and eating headward into the mountain side at about the level 

 of the snow-line, and some of them long and valley-like. 



OVER BODAL 



ISTear the Saeterbrae hangs what seems to be a small tributary valley, 

 its mouth several hundred feet up the valley wall. It is floored with 

 an alternation of bog and lee-and-stoss-shaped ledges, excellently gla- 

 ciated. Into it descend the glaciers from Lodalskaupe. The stream 

 on its floor has done little cutting. It very likely received less ice 

 than the main valley, which comes from the great snowfield more directly. 

 I have not visited the end of the valley, which was hidden in rain and 

 mist the day of my visit, but it is shown on the maps to contain a lake. 



