LITERATURE OF THE SUBJECT 509 



stratified clay underlying a dnimlin at point Shirley, Winthrop, near 

 Boston, Massachusetts. In 1866 Shaler* described fossiliferous deposits 

 overlain by till at Gloucester, Massachusetts. In 1869 Nilesf noted the 

 occurrence of Pleistocene fossils in clay obtained near the bottom of a 

 well 100 feet deep, at Fort Warren, Boston harbor, below 100 feet of 

 drumlin till. 



The first and only mention of interglacial soils was the description of a 

 peat bed underlying 20 feet of boulder-clay on river of Inhabitants, Cape 

 Breton.J The same occurrence was noted§ in 1878, and gravel under- 

 lying till at Saint John, New Brunswick, was also mentioned. In the 

 same year Hitchcock described fossiliferous clays lying between two tills 

 at Portland, Maine, || and published sections showing evidence of double 

 glaciation at Tuftonborough, Wolfeborough, New London, New Ipswich, 

 Wilton, Kensington, and Whitefield, New Hampshire. ^f In a chapter of 

 the same report LTpham described till resting on stratified clay and sand 

 in the vicinity of lake Winnipiseogee, New Hampshire.** 



Ten years later the occurrence of several species of Pleistocene fossils 

 in sand and clay below the drumlin of Great Head, Winthrop, Massachu- 

 setts, was noted by Dodge, ff This was near the locality noted by Stinip- 

 son in 1854. Tlie occurrence of fossil shells of living species and the evi- 

 dence of warm climate during their life in the drumlins of Boston harbor, 

 now well known, was first published by Upham in 1888. J]; The next year 

 Shaler described several occurrences of blue clay underlying till on 

 Mount Desert island, Maine,§§ and Upham, in his "Structure of drum- 

 lins," described a number of instances of stratified sand and gravel under- 

 lying drumlins in the vicinity of Boston. |||| In 1890 Chalmers described 

 stratified clay below till at Nogrotown point. New Brunswick,^1[ and in 

 1893 he described this occurrence more fully.*** 



The occurrence of fossils in the drumlins of Boston harbor, first de- 



• Notes on the position and cliai-acter of some glacial beds containing fossils at Glou- 

 cester, Massachuspttsr Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xi. pp. 27-.30. 



t W. H. Niles : Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xii, pp. 244, 364. 



t J. yv. Dawson : Canadian Naturalist, second series, vol. vi, 1872, p. 178. 



S Supplement to the second edition of Acadian Geology, pp. 27-28. 



II C. H. Hitchcock : Geology of New Hampshire, vol. iii, pp. 270-282. 



If Op. cit, pp. 290, 311. 



** Op. cit., pp. 131-138. 



tt V\'. W. Dodge : Am. Jour. Sci., third series, vol. xxxvi, 1888, pp. 56-57. 

 + + Warren Upham : Marino shells and the fragments of shells in the till near Boston. 

 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xxiv, pp. 127-141. 



§§ Eighth Ann. Kept. U. S. Geological Survey, pp. 998-999. 



II II Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xxiv. 1889, p. 237. 

 nil Robert Chalmers : Report on the surface geology of southern New Brunswick. Geol. 

 and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, Report N, p. 24. 



*** Height of the Bay of Fundy coast in the Glacial period relative to sealevel, as evi- 

 denced by marine fossils in the boulder-clay at Saint John, New Brunswick. Bull. Geol. 

 Soc. Am., vol. 4, pp. 361-370. 



