WORK DONE BY UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN 1901 103 



Taking account of all these agencies, whether surveys, museums, or 

 educational institutions, I estimate that seventy geologists are enabled by 

 financial support to devote themselves wholly to professional research 

 work; that fifty geologists, mining engineers, and technologists, though 

 occupied chiefly in other ways, receive pay for special work in the field 

 of research, and that seventy other geologists, employed and salaried as 

 teachers, either are urged or are permitted without prejudice to devote 

 part of their time to scientific investigations. The total would be carried 

 above two hundred if to these were added those mining engineers who, 

 gaining a livelihood by the industrial application of expert geologic 

 knowledge, devote more or less of their leisure time to research. 



Publications. — In this connection should be mentioned the important 

 aid which geologists receive through various agencies of publication. 

 While such aid does not contribute to the support of the student, it is 

 sometimes the factor which turns the doubtful scale and makes a con- 

 tribution to geologic science possible. The Bulletin of this Society, the 

 American Geologist, and various scientific journals which give part of 

 their space to papers on geologic subjects, are supported by the scientific 

 men themselves, and from one point of view may seem to give no aid 

 to the needy investigator ; but it is really the readers who pay the printer, 

 and the investigator is called on to pay only because he is also a reader. 

 The Journal of Geology is not altogether dependent on its subscription 

 list, but is practically endowed by the University of Chicago ; and at 

 New York, Baltimore, Granville, Lawrence, Berkeley, and Palo Alto the 

 results of research are published in university transactions at university 

 expense. The Wagner Institute devotes much of its income to paleon- 

 tologic publications, and other institutions and societies, local and 

 national, include geologists among the devotees of research to which 

 the pages of their publications are open. 



Of 21,600 printed pages on American geology in 1899, 12,000 were 

 published by state and national surveys, 1,700 by geologic journals, 

 2,000 by other scientific journals, 500 by the Geological Society of 

 America, and 5,400 by other associations and institutions. 



Recurring now to the enumeration of investigations in progress dur- 

 ing the last year, it will be convenient to begin with a geographic order. 



Work in the various states. — In New Hampshire, Pirsson made field 

 studies of the crystalline rocks, Hitchcock continued the investigation 

 both of the structure of the older rocks and of the glacial geology in the 

 vicinity of Hanover, and Dale continued the study and mapping of 

 Paleozoic formations on both sides of lake Champlain. Metamorphic 

 rocks in Worcester and Franklin counties, Massachusetts, were studied 

 and mapped by Emerson, in southwestern Connecticut by Hobbs, and 



