BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 
VOL. 9, PP. 59-84 JANUARY 24, 1898 
ORIGIN OF THE GORGE OF THE WHIRLPOOL RAPIDS AT 
NIAGARA 
BY FRANK BURSLEY TAYLOR 
(Read before the Society August 10, 1897) 
CONTENTS : 
age 
IUAERACIOCHOM cca 6c Ca OC BGrTOS AOR Olan ete Sel Om SC re In ee ce ae eee 59 
WEScripimonnoln conve characters warmer nn cee a eee ice 61 
Geological Gomcblnenss dam arin stale be tere coco ee an IG oie TE oes epee ene 61 
pers Gmeatsc ons eat eh seers uriney wae ape ears gratnn cnsIn a. Petia aeiee.s shreds 61 
Gonzcromiuneny nin poolerapidsarminn Mer eeMee etn erkcm ss cierseitee Sean tO8 
JSIGIGLSy LOR YSTINAN ss AR Saat eae ter cast nM So nee en Un RES IE aD ve en 6 
\NV nial oO! THOS oBndeonacascomesulensosusGne Ryan ae An al aE alece. 1 \eh0) 
COVES SIGHOT Saar ae cence Caer ine ae ees SO Bt a eel Rees 65 
Schemes of interpretation............: FATA HUD Dia S Ooo Ue I Ore Tent eae oer eae 66 
General statement as to hypotheses of origin........ Seirueisciseeysce th nteee Oks 66 
Interpretation on the basis of varying volume.......................... 67 
CON CHSECHOME eA eieesicrs cisco sists SERRE eee epee oc 67 
AWValonielnooollalo asim Ns) zor. ada smear ear aacamsytse cy deter aiuienc) Seana aie es ch 67 
WippermShoalbledoer si): Merracuutays eeenieapawesevstays ciara Wiena Sts tayeyeie 68 
IMacidlenGreatioor gels ci. sic ieee a rere ie toes atta oie ventas oeectnsh 69 
Eddy basin and the gorge of the Whirlpool rapids................0. 70 
Interpretation on evidence from the upper Great lakes.................. 71 
Generalstatementt clase 45 veces cheat rte was oe: suelo ete ites oo pig 
PVE SLO UM OUGLETS Halas 2 sisyehais cack est olemkeyste hee Acie aie wate evecare es cea 72 
Napissinioy Gmeat Neale vere! iL = se: layauvaever eae rsync sent ee ac ees ee) pa FA 
INT ONSSTINEM ENKEI WA) ANOR See eobooAbdeacinAces oud odsubodoogooa oben eee 74 
SKEOUUTEle OIG ETE cits He See A Re ceca 18 Neto nd Ao maeme oct on Ste ae eee 75 
MOM BOWHGO> coocecccenboesaogoanneascoucesounce a ip creh eos bia Gee Sere ae 76 
Durahionkoty ne nonimnernn Oublete atresia ener eee 77 
SSINSINE GP GOM RATIO ae ANE Gag cataract eS bats oe ee orcs oe Or ae 78 
RELATION 10 OWNS iar UAC .c wag boohoo ucosvaDocoObDuodeRacseAmounuaeS 80 
Saint DariGseorees teaeb aout oe oes ceemetee Bebo cae Pe es oi aT Saks 82 
Mime ratios. ....-\.- yAbiroTse SUE Eee ce eal area LL Or SUN 5 Pa oe 83 
SUMMIT pe stash neice wyahec te ites ee eR RES rac camer 7 IEDR, SMES cat me 84 
INTRODUCTION 
Since the retreat of the last ice-sheet and since the waters of glacial lake 
Warren were drained off through the Mohawk valley, the Niagara river 
IX—Butr. Gor, Soc. Am., Vor. 9, 1897 (59) 
