VIEWS OF OTHERS ON GLACIAL MOVEMENTS. 193 
stream on either bank; also on the north side at Tribes Hill and Amster- 
dam. Accepting the current view, which dates the faults back to the 
Appalachian revolution, no sign of them probably appeared upon the 
Cretaceous peneplain, for only by later erosion have the hard rocks been 
encountered. 
GuAcIAL MoveMENTS 
The facts are not so fully in hand as would be desired. The only con- 
structive account is by Chamberlin, in the terminal moraine report al- 
ready cited.* He briefly describes the deposits of the western Mohawk 
elacier, gives a number of observations of strie, including references to 
Vanuxem and Dana, and says: 
“T hesitate, at this stage of the inquiry, to encourage any confident opinion in 
regard to the exact history of glacial movements in the Mohawk valley, further 
than the general presumption that massive currents having their ulterior channels 
in the Champlain valley on the one hand and the Saint Lawrence on the other, 
swept around the Adirondacks and entered the Mohawk valley at either extrem- 
ity, while a feebler current, at the height of glaciation, probably passed over the 
Adirondacks and gave to the whole a southerly trend. It should not be over- 
looked that this valley lies sufficiently back from the average limit of glaciation 
to afford the presumption that the earlier and later movements may have been 
quite different.” 5 
Gilbert, from later observations, appears to be in accord with Cham- 
berlin’s view.f The writer’s studies have not been directed especially 
to this point, but a few pertinent observations have been incidentally 
made. The linear east-and-west arrangement of topographic forms noted 
by Chamberlin is strongly confirmed by field observation and by the re- 
cently issued Amsterdam and Fonda atlas sheets. Some observations 
of striz were made. On the south side, between Saint Johnsville and 
Fort Plain, on a surface of Utica shale inclined 12 to 21 degrees south- 
east, are well defined groovings running north 53° to 60° west, and a 
minor set north 75° west. The direction of the main set coincides with 
that of the valley at this point. At the quarry of A. H.and D.C. Shafer, 
Canajoharie, on a flat surface of limestone, the direction is north 75° 
west. At Palatine Bridge, on a cellar bottom at the residence of S. L. 
Frey, the direction is north 73° west. All readings are magnetic. At 
Amsterdam, on the north side, above Hast Main street, a case was found 
which appears to be demonstrative of westward flow. The accompany- 
ing diagram perhaps needs little explanation. The stric run westward 
on a flat imestone surface. A flake somewhat larger than one’s hand 
* Pages 561-565. 
+ Letter to the writer, February, 1897. 
