UPPER MOHAWK VALLEY BENCHES, KAMES, AND DELTAS. 199 
depth of 80 or more feet, mainly in solid blue clay. The Ilion mass also 
has many characters of the delta, though the massive clays are anomalous 
in position, on this hypothesis. 
On the north side, from Frankfort to Ilion, is a shoulder of moderate 
width, in which several sections show undisturbed sand and gravel below 
and 10 to 12 feet of till with scratched pebbles at the top. In one sec- 
tion a bedded layer lies midway in the till. At Coppernoll’s sandbank, 
near Ilion station, fine waterlaid clay with scratched pebbles and thick 
overlying sands have been much disturbed and folded, thereby incor- 
porating with the sands boulders of the clay with slickensides. 
Ilion-Mohawk kames.—F rom lion station a belt of kames extends a mile 
or more eastward to, but not including, the Herkimer cemetery. On the 
south side massive kames rise above [ion village on the east and extend 
to the eastern limit of Mohawk village, south of Herkimer. It is the 
only noteworthy illustration of these forms in the Mohawk valley. Alti- 
tudes of 580 feet above tide are attained. The sections are not altogether 
typical for kame, and we may have here an aggregate largely due to lacus- 
trine deposition and subject to subsequent erosion. In some measure, 
however, the contours appear to be constructional. The dominant ma- 
terial, save at the base, is a fine yellowish sand, verging sometimes into 
loam or clay. The valley of a local stream in Mohawk divides the mass 
into two parts. A section by this stream gives 12 feet of very fine, black, 
horizontal, waterlaid beds of clay with scratched pebbles, overlain by 
nearly 50 feet of alternating, thin, horizontal beds of gravel and loamy 
sand. A section in the eastern part of Mohawk gives 50 feet, passing 
from good building sand at the base through loam and clay to fine yellow 
sand above. At the West Shore station, Mohawk, 6 feet of gravel are 
overlain by fine waterlaid clays with glaciated pebbles, and these in turn 
by the yellowsands. A few rods eastward by the railway the same clays 
rise 36 feet above the track, surmounted by 20 feet of the sands. 
West Canada Creek delta.—This delta has a meager development. Its 
valley was apparently occupied by an active glacier to a late stage, as 
‘appears from the massive blue tills rising to a height of about 200 feet, 
constricting the valley for several miles. A short distance above Herki- 
mer a sharp crested, crescentic moraine nearly blockades the valley. 
Much of the original delta must also have been swept away both by the 
river and its tributary. A gravel shoulder runs westward past the War- 
ner Miller residence to the Herkimer cemetery. On the east a broad 
shoulder, with an uneven surface, swings around toward Little Falls. 
It consists of till to the north, thinly mantled with waterlaid material, 
but passes into clay and gravel in the main valley. Faintly inscribed 
on the top of this shoulder a series of water levels appears from the 
XXX—Buu. Geon. Soc. Am., Von. 9, 1897 
