BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 
VOL. 9, PP. 211-222, PL. 16 FEBRUARY 22, 1898 
SANDS AND CLAYS OF THE OTTAWA BASIN 
BY R. W. ELLS 
(Read before the Society December 28, 1897) 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Extent and rocks of the area... .... . Pate ibe oPeRPN aL eae Ne oR nate aatige eto neate 211 
Physicalsfertunres'on the- Ottawa, basin..........06.+.4s secaudesssscee seen. 212 
Previous investigations and their results.............. ...00. cee eee eee 212 
MbiNem ETA O Utama rere ever feccs c sleccl-a aveitss ave me naan sie a OE ale ARE oe om eae 212 
Eleioht-otlands lakestanGirivers..... cc 22+ stesso delgee quae osen ae teens seme ce 212 
General character and distribution of the clay deposits....... ..... ..... .. 214 
General character and distribution of the sands.................. | Lipa eee 214 
Fossiliferous characteristics of the clays and sands.... .......-.0:..-.e0.00- 215 
Evidence as to the origin of the underlying clays. ................ cesses eee 216 
Sand and clay deposits south of the Ottawa..............2..-ee.0-- eee eee sae lly 
iKeamesiof the region... 2. ...-...-.2+.2e eee: Eton gcc ake eee ag aE 219 
SUZ HUG MGUS UBUD UIGLOM ete a as caieu occ, epalalavs:nis nicdeia utters eae diene 2 ecbelin eileen seals 219 
Oiniciin. OF Wne IAs hg da cose see) bode sored Sumas periods 219 
Evidence as to the submergence of the Ottawa basin..........+..-.......... 219 
each esrOlst Mer Ota war ASIN a..4 4... +. os monlemae TaItON Ge ogie deel dures chen 221 
Drift boulders of the Ottawa and Saint Lawrence Pally Peet ee eae aa 221 
Glacial siythea...5 1S c)s ole evoke eek eee RRR CR asl oie a are armen eerie ren 271 
(COMCIMENCINEE cooce omelet eee BE ONS an) Se. a RASA eae ome aR centre nu eS tauaney Rasy Caan REE EEO) 
Exrent AND’ Rocks oF THE AREA 
The basin of the Ottawa river forms a somewhat extensive area of not 
far from 60,000 square miles. It includes various geological forma- 
tions, which range from the oldest crystallines or Fundamental gneiss to 
the upper Silurian. All varieties of rock are found, including gneiss, 
granite, and the eruptives of the Laurentian and Huronian systems, with 
erystalline limestones and schists of several kinds. ‘The softer strata of 
the Paleozoic formations are all represented in the area, and comprise 
sandstones, shales, slates, and fossiliferous limestones. As the whole 
area has been extensively glaciated, there must of necessity be very con- 
XXXII—Bunt. Guor. Soc. Am., Vou. 9, 1897 (211) 
