220 2&8. W. ELLS—SANDS AND CLAYS OF THE OTTAWA BASIN. 
manifest bearing on the subject under consideration. Sir William, in 
his “ Canadian Ice Age,” records the finding of marine shells in this dis- 
trict at elevations of 600 feet, where they are overlain by a great thick- 
ness of sands, similar to those which occur in the western area, and 
which form well defined terraces to a height of 1,000 to 1,200 feet above 
present sealevel, so that the elevations of these sands correspond very 
closely throughout an extent, from east to west, of many hundreds of 
miles. 
The presence of scattered blocks of Laurentian rocks over the slopes 
and along the summits of the mountain ranges in the eastern townships 
of Quebec, at elevations from 500 to 1,200 feet, which present all the. 
features of being left in their position through the agency of drift-ice, is 
strong evidence also in support of the theory of a great submergence over 
the greater portion of eastern Canada. 
The finding of the bones of the whale in the gravels of the great kame- 
like ridge near Smiths Falls, to the southwest of Ottawa, at an elevation 
of 440 feet shows that the seas must at that time have been at a higher 
level than the present elevation of lake Ontario. 
Dr Bell also records the presence of marine deposits in the country to 
the north of lake Superior, along the Kenogami river, at an elevation of 
450 feet above sealevel, where they are also overlain by the usual de- 
posits of sand.* 
In this connection it may also be mentioned that Mr A. P. Low, in 
his report on the areas to the north of the Saint Lawrence, along the 
line of the Quebec and Lake Saint John railway, found unmistakable 
evidence of submergence to a depth of at least 600 feet above present 
tide, well defined shell-bearing beds occurring along the line of the rail- 
way at elevations of at least 515 feet,* thes marine terraces associated 
with them being readily traced to a considerably higher elevation. 
Above these terraces beds of sand, similar to those so abundant through- 
out all the country to the north, continue to the headwaters of the Saint 
Maurice, Gatineau, and Ottawa. <A portion of these sands seen along 
the latter river in the vicinity of Arnprior, which is about 40 miles west 
of the city of Ottawa, was at one time regarded as the eastern extension 
of the Algoma sands, and they are so depicted on the map which ac- 
companies the atlas published by the Canadian Geological Survey in 
1863. Recent investigations in this area have, however, shown the pres- 
ence of marine shells in a portion of these sands at this place, and 
they must now in consequence be placed among the marine deposits. 
These are undoubtedly the same sands so onspicuous at many points 
* Report of, Progress, Canadian Geological Survey, 1895-96, p. 340. 
yAnnual Report, Geological Survey of Canada, vol. v, 1890-’91, pp. 546 to 646, 
