BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 
VOL. 9, PP. 369-390 JUNE 22, 1898 
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MAMMOTH AND MASTODON 
REMAINS AROUND HUDSON BAY 
BY ROBERT BELL 
(Read before the Society December 29, 1897) 
CONTENTS 
Page 
IUMUROCOCHIOM. 3/5. dees Sa ea NE OEE Otc ete met ei ey ema nie teas MC RN hie ae 370 
The occurrence of a mammoth tooth on the east coast of Hudson bay........ 370 
Opinions of Professors W. Boyd Dawkins and E. D. Cope that it belonged to 
LENG AROS CONMMG pea OG A aS MEG SATE ER eae oe RENE eet oer tee ee 371 
Tooth of #. columbi found near Edmonton, on the North Saskatchewan river. 372 
Remains of mammoth and other mammals found near the mouth of the Mc- 
Kenzie river and on the Porcupine and Yukon rivers..... .............--. 373 
Relics of the bison and reindeer in the Klondike district...... ............. 373 
Short sketch of the geological history of the mastodon and the mammoth ... 374 
The four species of fossil elephants of Hurope..................-. 00.0000 e eee 374 
Probable specific identity of the mammoth and the existing elephant of India. 375 
Causes of the extinction of species in the case of mammals .... ...... ..... 375 
Regional migrations of the mammoth and of certain living northern mammals. 376 
Probability of annual migration of the mammoth in Siberia...... ... the recne 377 
Causes of the extinction of the mammoth in Siberia....................... 377 
Example of wholesale death of reindeer in North America.... .............. 378 
The preservation of carcasses of mammoths in Siberia.... .. .............. 379 
Probable reason of the abundance of mammoth bones in aeons deposits in 
SII nig LC ee CH Re Lr. cere ted an ile haf cha sere crayatekioyste ce tree te carne tesa amtraee Menara rset 379 
Improbable theories as to the last two subjects..................-..-..0.- cos wd) 
Food of the mammoth—his wide geographical range........................ 380 
Woolly coats of this and some other northern mammals............ ........ 380 
The disappearance of the mammoth from Europe.................-......0.. 381 
The extinction of the mammoth in North America.......................... 381 
Inferences from the length and curvature of the tusks of the mammoth...... 382 
The occurrence of mastodon remains near the southern extremity of James bay. 383 
Characters, extent, elevation, etcetera, of the Pleistocene deposits southwest 
COMPING SHO AY crveesrecvosse Ae ten ounce Sealer chant exrwlaiey ge Soneaes Nearer cuatevete atone ta eee A oval ast 383 
Numerous seams of interglacial lignite in the district where the SHESHOCO | jaw 
AAG! WOON WEIS MOWING 22 dasvoodovsvoDGDGHoLoGOuDG voHDoOGDKeAKoDDEEOd a eXshs) 
Probable period when the mastodon lived in the region of James bay........ 387 
Mastodon bones found on Shell river, in Manitoba ..........,.......... et OS 
Identification of these bones and particulars as to their occurrence........ .. 388 
LV—Buu. Gron. Soc. Am., Von. 9, 1897 (369) 
