370 Rk. BELL—HUDSON BAY MAMMOTH AND MASTODON. REMAINS. 
, 
Description of the deposits in which they were found............... ...... 388 
Various discoveries of mammoth and mastodon remains in other parts of 
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INTRODUCTION 
In the following paper on the discovery of the remains of both the 
mammoth and the mastodon around Hudson bay it is proposed to give 
a short account of the geological surroundings of ach of these discov- 
eries, and to refer very briefly to the consequent extension of our knowl- 
edge of the geographical range of both species over a vast area, and also 
to notice some of the questions which they suggest, such as those relat- 
ing to the climates of the regions in which these animals flourished, the 
geological dates when they lived in the old and the new worlds, their 
general geographical distribution, migrations, causes of their extinction, 
‘and other matters of geological importance concerning them. 
THe OccuRRENCE OF A MAmmorH ToorH ON THE EAST COAST OF 
Hupson Bay 
In 1877 I made a geological exploration of the east side of Hudson 
bay. In the following year a remarkable molar tooth of a mammoth 
was picked up on the rocky surface of Long island and senttome. This 
island is narrow, thirty milesin length, and lies near the EKastmain coast, 
its southwestern extremity being just north of cape Jones, which is the 
point where James bay opens out into Hudson bay proper. It is com- 
posed of almost bare rock and has a ridge of basalt running down its 
center. Although it is south of the limit of timber on the mainland, no 
trees grow upon the island itself. At the time when mammoths lived 
upon the island it must have been more or less wooded in order to fur- 
nish food for them, and, from our knowledge of the uprising of the land 
in this region in Pleistocene times, it probably stood at a lower level, and 
would therefore be of smaller size. 
Photographs showing this tooth in different positions were sent to Pro- 
fessor W. Boyd Dawkins, who had made a special study of fossil ele- 
phants, and to Professor EH. D. Cope, with requests for their decisions as 
to the species to which it belonged. The following are their replies : 
“Woopuurst, FALLowrinitp, Mancuesrer, 20th July, 1882. 
‘“The very interesting specimen is a worn stump of an upper molar belonging 
to Hlephas columbi, an animal which, in my belief, is one of the varieties of the stock 
