372 BR. BELL—HUDSON BAY MAMMOTH AND MASTODON REMAINS. 
future discoveries of such remains in this vast interval some at least will 
prove to belong to E. colwmbi. 
Both E. columbi and E. primigenius may haye retreated southward in 
America on account of the increasing severity of the climate, as did the 
moose and the bison, or without any sufficient change in this respect, 
having become accustomed to the better climate which they found to the 
south, they abandoned the northern regions altogether. It is to be noted 
that the invasion of North America by mammoths was from north to 
south, or in the opposite direction from the invasion of Siberia, and this 
circumstance may have made an important difference as to the charac- 
ter of their subsequent movements on the two continents and as to the 
latitudes in which they survived the longest in the respective regions. 
Dr Hugh Falconer, who, with ample materials at his command, gave 
the subject very careful study, regards this elephant not as a variety of 
E. primigenius, but as: belonging to a decidedly different species. Its oc- 
currence on Hudson bay is of much interest and opens up various ques- 
tions, not only as to the geographical range of the species, but also in 
regard to former climatic conditions of that region and the distribution 
of land and water at a comparatively recent period which would result 
from the former levels of different parts of the continent. 
The accompanying figure (1) will enable those who are critically versed 
in such matters to judge for themselves as to the species of mammoth to 
which this molar belonged. ; 
Mammoru Tooth FOUND NEAR HpDMONTON 
Two or three years ago an incomplete molar, which appears to belong 
to Elephas columbi, was found in the superficial deposits in one of the 
banks of the North Saskatchewan river, about six miles above Hdmon- 
ton, but no particulars in reference to the discovery are available. The 
specimen is in the museum of the Geological Survey at Ottawa. The 
Saskatchewan at Edmonton has an altitude of about 2,200 feet above 
the sea. The surrounding district is a fine agricultural country, with a 
deep covering of till, overlaid in parts with stratified sands, gravels, and 
clays, all having a rolling surface. 
ELEPHANT REMAINS IN THE FAR NORTHWEST 
It has long been known that mammoth remains exist in several places 
in the far northwestern regions of North America. Dall mentions the 
occurrence of bones and tusks of these animals on the lower Yukon 
