3/76 R. BELL—HUDSON BAY MAMMOTH AND MASTODON REMAINS. 
after the Glacial period, there could scarcely have been a sudden change 
in climate or conditions which would account for its disappearance in 
both hemispheres about the same time. The Indian species maintains 
its existence in the original home of the whole race because the condi- 
tions favorable to Stegodont elephant life probably continue to be better 
there than anywhere else. 
MIGRATIONS OF NORTHERN MAMMALS 
Popular writers on this subject appear to associate the existence of 
entire carcasses of mammoths about the Mouth of the Lena river with 
the extinction of the species all over Europe, Asia, and North America, 
whereas this fact is only a local circumstance in the long history of the 
animal. 
The migration of birds and mammals, which is so characteristic of 
many species at the present day, has been going on forages. The alter- 
nation of the seasons in the northern hemisphere would naturally stimu- 
late and develop a tendency among such creatures to move northward 
and southward with the changing temperature and food supply, and the 
elephants would be no exception. The reindeer, with whose bones those 
of the mammoth are associated in Kuropeand Asia, fetains its migratory 
instincts in both the old world and the new. 
But the woodland variety of this species (called the caribou in Canada) 
is not migratory, and it is possible and even probable that there were 
also migratory and non-migratory mammoths, according as they in- 
habited (like the reindeer) the open northern barren lands or the more 
southern wooded country in either the old or the new world. The 
musk-ox and the American bison made extensive annual migrations. 
The Arctic fox travels hundreds of miles north and south every year with 
the change of the seasons. The Canada lynx isone of the most migratory 
of North American mammals, but its movements are governed by food 
supply alone, and depend upon the varying abundance or scarcity of its 
principal prey, the common American hare. Even the little lemmings 
perform wonderful migrations, impelled, as it were, by an irresistible 
impulse. 
The moose or American elk (Alces americanus) migrates slowly from 
one large area to another through periods extending over many years. 
For example, in the Gaspé peninsula the last interval between its leaving 
and again returning to the same district was upward of half a century, 
and in the region between the upper Great Lakes and James bay the period 
between his last withdrawal and reappearance has been still longer. 
Within the historic period the bison roamed as far east as lake Superior 
