380 Rk. BELL 
HUDSON BAY MAMMOTH AND MASTODON REMAINS. 
is no evidence that such a thing occurred at any time in the history of 
the earth. Again, to invoke the agency of sudden cataclysms to account 
for geological phenomena is an exploded notion which does not require 
discussion. 
. Foop AND GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE oF THE MAmMoTH 
Fromthe remains of food found with the teeth and skeletons of the 
mastodon and mammoth, it has been pretty satisfactorily ascertained 
that in North America both of these animals subsisted largely on the 
twigs and boughs of northern trees, such as the spruces (Picea) and white 
cedar (Thuja occidentalis), together, probably, with those of other north- 
ern trees and bushes, and no doubt the food of the Siberian mammoth 
was of the same nature. Their large grinders and powerful muscles were 
admirably adapted to reduce such materials to a pulp. Both the Afri- 
can and Indian elephants are “coarse feeders,” living principally upon 
the branches and bark of trees and bushes, and the mammoth, wherever 
he wandered, would require to subsist upon such kinds of food of this 
description as the country he might be in produced. 
“ We further know that when the mammoth pastured along the mar- 
gins of the great swamps of Ohio and Kentucky the vegetation then was 
nearly identical with what it is now, being very different from that of 
Siberia” (Hugh Falconer). The same writer,* referring to Elephas primi- 
genius, says of it: “A scope in space and time, taken together, has been 
assigned without a parallel, I believe, within the whole range of the 
mammalia, fossil or recent. D’Archiac, in his excellent ‘ Histoire des 
Progrés,’ so late as 1848, gives a brief summary of the localites in which 
the remains of the mammoth (E. primigenius) have been said to occur, 
namely, from the British islands across the whole of the temperate zone 
of Europe and Asia and along all the coasts and islands of the Icy sea 
as far as the frozen cliffs of the east coast of Bering strait, in Eschscholtz 
bay, in Russian America as high as 66° of north latitude, over most of 
the United States of America, in the great valley of the Mississippi, and 
along the coasts of the gulf of Mexico. De Blainville, going a step be- 
yond most of the paleontologists, doubtingly referred the fossil remains 
of elephants found so abundantly in tropical India to the same species, 
thus assigning at least half of the habitable globe for the pasture ground 
of the mammoth.” 
WooLiy CoAT OF THE SIBERIAN MamMotH 
The wool and long hair found upon the Siberian mammoths prove 
* Paleontological memoirs and notes of the late Hugh Falconer. London, 1868, vol. ii, p. 77. 
