18 A. P. BRIGHAM — GLACIAL FLOOD DEPOSITS. 



Mohawk and Ontario waters, while the Chenango and Unadilla rivers 

 reach the Susquehanna by a much longer and more gentle flow. The 

 hill ranges, which alternate with the valleys, afford a type of topography 

 exercising a strong influence on glacial action and products.* The alti- 

 tudes of chief interest are : Mohawk valley at the mouth of Oriskany 

 creek, 423 feet ; Oriskany Falls, 985 feet ; Bouckville, at the divide, 1,147 

 feet; Chenango Forks, 901 feet; Binghamton, Delaware, Lackawanna 

 and Western railway, 862.8 feet ; Binghamton, Susquehanna river, 814 

 feet. From the divide, the average descent northward is about 30 feet 

 per mile, and southward about 5 feet per mile. 



The kames in the vicinity of Oriskany Falls were described by Van- 

 uxem.f In the paper to which reference is above made these deposits 

 are noticed by Professor Chamberlin and correlated with the great mo- 

 rainic series to which they belong. He also refers briefly to the glacial 

 accumulations at Chenango Forks, Greene, Oxford, North Norwich, and 

 near Hamilton. Dr T. W. Harris has also given an account of the kames 

 of the Oriskany valley .| 



Classification. 



general discussion. 



The material will be described under the following heads : Kames, 

 Eskers, Frontal Terraces, Kame Terraces, and Valley Trains. The terms 

 kame, esker, and valley train have now come to have a well settled sig- 

 nificance. For the glacio-fl u vial terraces so abundant in a hill and valley 

 region like central New York, we do not seem to have attained to the 

 same harm on} 7 of usage. The term kame terrace is proposed by Professor 

 Salisbury for a class of stagnant ice deposits made chiefly on the borders 

 of valleys. § Several paragraphs .of definition and local description in the 

 report cited could be transferred to similar deposits in the Chenango 

 valley without material change. Gilbert also describes somewhat fully 

 their mode of formation in his report on lake Bonneville, || but desig- 

 nates them moraine terraces, and distinguishes them as lateral and 

 frontal. In Professor Chamberlin's still earlier definition of morainic 

 terraces,^[ to which Gilbert refers, the frontal type appears to be more 

 especially described. In this paper the term kame terrace is restricted 

 to the lateral variety, and frontal terrace is here applied to such shelf- 



* Terminal Moraine of the Second Glacial Epoch. T. C. Chamberlin ; 3d Ann. Rep. U. S. Geo- 

 logical Survey, pp. 344, 345. 

 t Geology of New York, Third Dist., p. 218. 

 J Am. Geologist, vol xiii, June, 1894, pp. 384-390. 

 § Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. of New Jersey, 1893, p. 156. 



|| Lake Bonneville. G. K. Gilbert ; Mon. I, U. S. Geological Survey, p. 82. 

 If Terminal Moraine of the Second Glacial Epoch ; 3d Ann. Rep. U. S. Geological Survey, p. 304. 



