22 A. P. BRIGHAM — GLACIAL FLOOD DEPOSITS. 



height of 80 to 110 feet, becoming bench-like at the south end. The rest 

 have strong relief and much of the ground, unlike all other kame ground 

 here described, is exceedingly bouldery, mainly with local, angular frag- 

 ments up to two feet in size. The adjacent valley side is also very stony, 

 in places nearly covered with boulders of a similar type, but is non-mo- 

 rainic in topography, the rock being but sparsely mantled with till. 

 These bouldery hillsides extend to three miles above Oxford. Adjacent 

 to the kames, the immediate valley of the river is nearly occupied with 

 rolling gravel train, approaching the kame type of relief, again showing 

 that there were no deep and powerful floods from the melting ice farther 

 north to subdue the surface. Southward, in a broad bend west of the 

 river, lies a stagnant ice deposit, surmounted westward by a narrow belt 

 of kames which extends along the valley side to a point near Brisbin. 

 The remaining area is at Chenango Forks, and is the most important 

 aggregation of these deposits south of Oriskany Falls. The valley is 

 nearly filled for a distance of two miles above and below the entrance of 

 the confluent stream from the west. The river is crowded over to the 

 west side of the main valley, where it strikes a rock-bed. The main 

 mass of the kames is 150 feet in height, and some accumulations are 

 doubtless 50 feet higher on the hill slope. The relief is very strong, with 

 steep knolls, deep kettles, and tumultuous interlockings of ridges. A 

 great drift terrace, with a height of 40 to 50 feet, springs from the moraine 

 and stretches southward for about two miles. Other kames occur in the 

 course of the valley, but are small in extent or associated with kame 

 terraces. 



ESKERS. 



Deposits of this nature are not common in the region here revieAved. 

 Minor illustrations occur at the village of Deansville, in the Oriskany 

 valley ; in connection with the Oxford kame area by the valley side, and 

 at Brisbin, on the riverward side of the kame terrace at that place. The 

 only noteworthy esker lies in the valley of Wheelers brook, wdiich enters 

 the Chenango valley from the south, between Brisbin and Greene. The 

 esker is east of Wheelers brook and east of the axis of the valley, whose 

 breadth is here about one-fourth of a mile. The north end of the drift 

 ridge is in the edge of the Chenango valley, whence its course is due 

 south one-third of a mile, thence in a general south-southwest direction, 

 with sufficient winding to give fitness to Professor Shaler's designation, 

 "serpent kame." Its length is about one and one-fourth miles. It 

 varies in height from 30 feet at the north end to 70 feet at a short dis- 

 tance, and after half a mile drops rapidly, varying between 15 and 40 

 feet, rising near its southern extremity to 54 feet. The lateral slopes 



