26 A. P. JBRIGHAM — GLACIAL FLOOD DEPOSITS. 



an excellent illustration at Cassville, at the Sauquoit-Unaclilla divide. 

 The conditions are parallel to those at Solsville, and a railway cut at 

 Richfield junction exposes a fine section of perhaps 60 feet in thickness, 

 in which the " topset " and " foreset " beds are shown in great perfection. 



KAME TERRACES. 



These occur, as might be expected, in the gently sloping middle and 

 lower Chenango valley. They extend much of the distance between 

 Smyrna and Norwich. Three miles south of Smyrna the height is 36 

 feet, at North Norwich 70 to 75 feet, and somewhat greater at their ter- 

 mination, two miles north of Norwich. Sometimes the terrace is very 

 narrow or disappears. At other points it blocks the greater part of the 

 valley, as for two miles north of North Norwich, where we have accord- 

 ant projections from both sides, so that there are gaps barely sufficient 

 for the brook, alternating with lake beds of half a mile or more in ex- 

 tent. Viewed along the top, these accumulations are quite perfect 

 benches ; but so kame-like are their borders that the terrace character 

 would hardly be suspected if seen only from the level of the stream- 

 Sometimes a steep, straight, wall-like margin alternates with the kame 

 border, depending upon the form of the ice against which or upon which 

 the deposition takes place, as is set forth both by Gilbert and Salisbury 

 in the passages cited. The materials range from sand to coarse gravel, 

 much rounded and discordantly bedded. The presence of extensive 

 deposits of this nature in this parallel valley and their absence from the 

 main valley above and below Sherburne may be explained by the active 

 flow of glacial ice there after it here became stagnant, for if the main 

 valley were clear it is difficult to see how enough water could have 

 coursed along the margin of the tongue between Smyrna and North Nor- 

 wich to have done the work. 



Other areas, which it is not necessary to describe minutely, occur 

 about Warn pond, two miles above Brisbin ; at Brisbin on the east and 

 south, and extending past Greene on the east for several miles. The 

 last forms a massive terrace 100 feet high, with some strong associated 

 kames. 



Two important areas remain. The first extends for four miles above 

 Oxford. On the west the bench is narrow. On the east side there is a 

 typical development, with a massive bench, as at the cemetery and the 

 Soldiers' home, or with an approach to the kame form, as near Lyon 

 brook. The south end of the mass at the Soldiers' home is distinctly 

 lobate, the more southerly lobes lying toward the river and retreating 

 en echelon toward the eastern valley side. Two excellent sections in 

 these lobes fail to show foreset beds. 



