LACUSTRINE BEDS. 29 



Binghamion. 



One mile north of Bingham ton railroad station, rock at 160 



Haifa mile north of Binghamton railroad station, rock at 125 



At Binghamton railroad station, rock at ., 70 to 75 



Business part of Binghamton, rock at 50 to 60 



Dairy Association well, Washington street near Chenango river, mostly 



gravel, some ciay near the bottom, rock at 70 



Patten well, Washington street near Court, sand and gravel to rock at. . . 55 



A quarter of a mile west of Washington street bridge the Susquehanna runs on 

 a rock-bed, and other evidence is against the presence of a buried channel on 

 either side. At the city water works, a short distance up the Susquehanna, rock 

 occurs at 80 feet, and a half mile farther up four wells in the center of the valley 

 reach rock at 60 feet. 



Recapitulation. 



Thus we have rock bottom at — 



Hamilton, below 835 



Norwich, below 789 



Greene, at , 748 



Port Dickinson, at about 646 



One mile north of Binghamton railroad station, at about 686 



Half a mile north of Binghamton railroad station, at about 721 



At Binghamton station, in the opening of Chenango valley, at about 771 



Binghamton, business section 785 



Binghamton, Susquehanna river bed, at 814 



Thus the rock-bed of the valley progressively descends northward from 

 Binghamton for several miles and probably much farther. The excep- 

 tion at Greene may be due to the position of the well, and deeper boring 

 might show the descent to continue to Hamilton and the Mohawk valley. 



The facts thus given have an important meaning for the history of 

 drainage in this region. Preglacial northerly elevation would in part 

 account for the deep cutting in the northern part of the valley, but 

 would not explain the rapid shallowing at Binghamton. Some facts 

 additional to those recorded above suggest the possibility of reversal of 

 drainage during some period of its development. Definite judgment 

 must be reserved for fuller studies, which are in progress and whose re- 

 sults it is hoped to present at an early day. It is evident that this his- 

 tory is needed for adequate discussion of the valley train and lacustrine 

 beds. That lake waters occupied the valley in whole or in successive 

 sections, for a long time, is clear. The deeper wells all give in general 

 section beds of gravel of limited thickness, a few to 50 feet, underlain 

 by almost massive clays from 120 to 165 feet. I am informed by one of 

 the drillers above named that it is rare to find gravel or even sand com- 

 mingled with these clays, sometimes 100 feet being drilled without gritty 

 particles being noticed. When the course of the preglacial drainage 



