36 F. B. TAYLOR — CORRELATION OF BEACHES AND MORAINES. 



Through most of this distance it is water-laid, and hence somewhat sub- 

 dued in expression. Maumee lake was bounded by the ice-front when 

 it stood at this moraine and by the Van Wert beach. Its features were 

 originally worked out by Gilbert and N. H. Winchell, with later researches 

 by Leverett in Ohio and Dryer in Indiana.* 



Lake (unnamed). 



LEIPSIC BE A CH. 



Spencer called the highest beach traced by him toward the northeast 

 from Adrian the Maumee beach. It appears to be almost certain, how- 

 ever, that it is identical with Gilbert's beach number 2, and also with 

 Winchell's Leipsic ridge in Ohio.f 



Gravel ridges were found at Berville and Imlay corresponding to 

 Spencer's altitudes of his Maumee beach at those places. The Maumee 

 or Leipsic beach is generally quite light in its formation, appearing almost 

 solely as a small, simple and rather narrow ridge of sand and fine gravel. 

 At Berville it appears as a small gravel island in a wide expanse of shal- 

 lows. The ridge at this place is apparently a wave-wrought modification 

 of a gravelly kame, and its identity as a beach seems to the writer to be 

 not entirely free from doubt. Going west eight miles past Smiths Corners 

 and Hopkins road to Almont, two or three more low gravelly islands with 

 the tops fashioned into forms resembling beaches were passed. At the 

 latter place the ground is higher, and from near there a gravelly beach 

 was followed northward about seven miles along the rough eastward front 

 of the upland almost continuously to Imlay. Spencer's levelled altitudes 

 make the ridges 817 feet above sealevel at Berville and 849 at Imlay. 

 The difference of 32 feet in altitude seems to cast some doubt on the unity 

 of the ridges as one beach at both places, but if the two ridges are really 

 independent beaches both ought to be found at Almont on the same 

 slope, for the slope at that place is favorabty situated for receiving a record 

 of wave action at both elevations, the altitude of its base being 800 feet 

 above sealevel. Almont station is 807 feet, and two miles north of 

 Almont the beach has an altitude of about 825 feet.| This seems to 

 show that the difference between Berville and Imlay is nearly all due to 



* Gilbert and Dryer as above. N. H. Winchell in Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xxi, 1872, 

 pp. 171-179 ; Geological Survey of Ohio, vol. 11, 1874, pp. 56, 431-433. F. I,everett, Am. Jour. Sci., 

 vol. xliii, pp. 281-297, April, 1892. 



t Spencer says this beach is identical with Gilbert's beach number 1 in Ohio (" High Level 

 Shores," etcetera, p. 208), but in this opinion he is probably mistaken, for there is every reason to 

 suppose that if the Defiance moraine stops the Van Wert beach at Findlay, Ohio, as Leverett 

 finds, the outlet of that time being through Fort Wayne, then the same moraine ought to stop 

 the same beach on the north side of the Maumee valley. The junction of the beach and moraine 

 is near Adrian, Michigan. 



I Altitudes all determined by aneroid barometer from railroad stations or from the lake shore. 



