LEIPSIC BEACH AND IMLAY OUTLET. 37 



northward ascent, the change of plane westward being slight. South of 

 Imlay for about two miles the ridge lies a quarter to a half a mile west 

 of the main road. In the northwest part of the town there is a gravel 

 pit dug out of a spit of this beach. Three-fourths of a mile north, on 

 the west side of the road and north of Belle river, the beach may be seen 

 on a hillside as a long, narrow, curving, spit ridge pointing southwest, 

 very lightly but perfectly formed. 



IMLAY OUTLET. 



Northward the beach passes into a valley and grows fainter and more 

 fragmentary, the last well formed piece being near Goodland church and 

 cemetery, about five miles north of Imlay. The church is on a bluff 

 overlooking a wide summit swamp which extends about four miles north 

 and nine northwest to North Branch. The beach at the church has an 

 altitude of about 850 feet and the swamp below is 25 to 30 feet lower. 

 Mill creek drains this part of the swamp toward the northeast, w r hile 

 from Imlay the Belle river drains it southeast pastCapac. This summit 

 level has an altitude of about 820 feet. From Goodland church the 

 beach extends in fine form a quarter of a mile northward along the crest 

 of the bluff. On the north side of an interrupting ravine it reappears 

 once more as a faint gravel ridge, but beyond that fades away on a stony 

 slope and could not be again identified. About four miles north of the 

 church at a saw-mill a road crosses the north summit level of the swamp 

 to the east side without a bridge and at an altitude of about 810 feet. 

 Northwest of this the swamp is drained by Cedar river, which, after pass- 

 ing about four miles beyond North Branch, turns to the southwest to 

 join Flint river above Columbiaville. From the mill to North Branch 

 the old channel was crossed nine times. Most of the way it is about 

 one-third- of a mile wide. The adjoining lands are mostly high, rolling, 

 stony, morainic hills, with occasional kames. On the north side and 

 back from the channel somewhat more than a mile is an immense kame- 

 moraine hill, the highest point for many miles around and standing quite 

 alone. Its summit is 1,050 to 1,060 feet above the sea. The slopes of 

 this hill were examined by the writer and also by Mr Gilbert and were 

 found to show no trace of submergence. Mr Gilbert also crossed the 

 channel three or four times in its upper part, but did not see the faint 

 Leipsic beach at the church nor the gravelly floor, which is better devel- 

 oped, however, toward North Branch. This outlet does not give evidence 

 of a very rapid or powerfully flowing current, if the sediments remaining 

 on its bottom are taken as an indication, for it is floored mainly by sandy 

 beds of gravel and not by boulders and cobbles, as is the case with the 

 Tyre-Ubly outlet, to be described later. The floor gravels are fragment- 



