TOLEDO AND DETROIT MORAINES. 39 



tions will have to be made before it can be known whether the Leipsic 

 beach does in fact connect with both outlets. 



TOLEDO AND DETROIT MORAINES. 



Parallel with the channel on its north side is a rugged, well irarked 

 moraine covering the space between the channel and Marlette and Brown 

 City and extending southward nearly to Capac. This moraine marks 

 the position of the ice-front in the early part — probably the. first half — 

 of the activity of this outlet, and extends south-southwest in very much 

 subdued form to its apex at Toledo. Southwest from Capac it is nearly 

 all waterlaid, but its influence on the minor drainage is well marked. 



It appears that when the ice-front retreated from this moraine to the 

 next or Detroit moraine it did not open a new outlet, but the same one 

 continued to serve. Excepting a tract near Yale, the Detroit moraine is 

 also nearly all water-laid and greatly subdued, but it shows the same 

 kind of influence on the minor drainage as the Toledo moraine. The 

 Detroit moraine was not clearly made out in its course across the thumb. 

 It seems to fade away on the flat plain north of Yale, although it is prob- 

 ably represented by' some of the high, isolated kames or kame-moraines 

 that lie in that direction. The probable course of this moraine will be 

 referred to again in connection with swamps that cross the summit of 

 the thumb. 



Lake Whittlesey.* 



belmore beach. 



According to Spencer, his Ridgeway beach is identical with Gilbert's 

 beach number 3 in Ohio, and this is the same as Winchell's Belmore 

 ridge. The most northerly point of Spencer's tracing is two miles east 

 of Emmet, where the altitude is 770 feet. From this point it was fol- 

 lowed north and then east past Spring hill, two miles northeast of Avoca, 

 where its altitude is about the same. It is a strong and well formed 

 beach and is easily followed to this point. At Spring hill it culminates 

 in a great blunt spit of gravel compounded of many beach ridges laid up 

 one against the other. The head of the spit projects toward the north- 

 east, is about 40 rods wide, and at its front stands about 15 feet above 

 the flats to the east and 10 feet above those to the northwest. Two more 

 fragments of this beach were found within three miles northwest from 



* Named after Colonel Charles Whittlesey, a member of the first geological survey of Ohio and 

 one of the earliest explorers of the old shorelines in that state. See a volume entitled " Fugitive 

 Essays," by Charles Whittlesey, 1852, pp. 179-191 (reprinted from Am. Jour. Sci. for July, 1850) ; 

 also biographical sketch by A. Winchell. Am. Geol., vol. iv, November, 1889, p. 257 et seq. 



VI — Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 8, 1896 



