40 F. B. TAYLOR CORRELATION OF BEACHES AND MORAINES. 



the spit, both gravelly projecting points. Mr Gilbert also traced this 

 beach from Emmet to Spring hill. North of the spit there is a stretch 

 of 10 miles or more of very flat land on which no beach was seen. Four 

 miles west of Croswell, a faint shoreline was found along the base of 

 high ground about a quarter of a mile north of the corner at Buel, alti- 

 tude about 780 feet. Again, on the east slope of a kame-ridge three and 

 one-quarter miles west of Applegate is perhaps the best developed beach 

 seen in the Black River valley north of Spring hill. Its altitude is about 

 770 feet. It is a low ridge of sandy fine gravel facing east over flats 30 

 to 40 feet lower, and three to five miles wide. At a point two and a half 

 miles west and one mile north of Applegate the same faint beach was 

 found at the same height, and it was found again on a slope six miles 

 west and one south. There is also a very faint mark at the same height 

 on the north slope of this kame ridge, facing north over Elk creek and 

 the great Black River swamp. Mr Gilbert crossed just north of this re- 

 gion from Carsonville to Sanilac Center, and went thence southwest 

 through Laurel to Brown City, but saw no shorelines nor outlet channels. 

 Along Black river from Carsonville southward toward Applegate is an 

 extensive gravel plain 30 to 35 feet below the beach. At the cemetery, 

 two miles south of Carsonville, the valley at the level of the beach is 

 narrowed somewhat where it passes between the high moraine east of 

 Black river and the kame ridge which lies along the south side of Elk 

 creek. From the narrows the Black river swamp extends northward 

 over the summit to Cass river at Tyre and Ubly, a distance of 30 miles. 

 In this stretch no beach or certain water-mark was found. The Belmore 

 beach had therefore to be given up without having definitely established 

 its connection by continuous tracing with any outlet channel. The faint 

 fragments near Buel and Applegate are the only ones found north of 

 Spring hill that could be supposed to belong to this beach. Nevertheless 

 it is clearly the correlative of the Tyre-Ubly outlet described next below. 



TYRE- UBLY OUTLET. 



The Black river swamp passes over the col to the head of Cass river 

 about two miles east of Ubly. A low gravel bank on the west side and 

 midchannel bars on the crossing east of Ubly indicate that the water was 

 at least 10 or 12 feet deep on the col. This is now about 790 feet above 

 sealevel. The old waterlevel is therefore about 800 feet. On this cross- 

 ing the swamp is nearly a mile and a half wide. The main channel 

 passes northwest from the col to a point about a mile north of Ubly, where 

 it becomes much narrower, scarcely more than half a mile, and makes a 

 sharp bend to the southwest, in which direction it continues 17 miles to 

 its terminus, about a mile east of Cass City. Ubly is on the floor of the 



