46 F. B. TAYLOR — CORRELATION OF BEACHES AND MORAINES. 



swamp pass between morainic knobs 30 to 50 feet high. Toward the 

 west from these knobs the country around East Dayton and Mayville is 

 higher and rugged. These hills are the beginning of the second moraine 

 in the Saginaw valley, lying next south of the Saginaw moraine, and 

 seem to be the complement of the Detroit moraine on the east side of 

 the thumb. When the ice still rested on the hills west of Kingston the 

 valley of Cass river to the north was entirely buried under the ice. So 

 that if the long swamp ever served the lake of the Leipsic beach stage as 

 an outlet it must have turned away toward the southwest somewhere west 

 of Elmer to reach the valley of Flint river. The Toledo moraine seems 

 to cross the intervening space ; but its relief in that part is rather low 

 and there are many swampy tracts between the swells of drift. The gen- 

 eral level is near 840 feet, but no evidence of an outlet channel across it 

 was found. These facts, taken with the absence of channel characters in 

 the long swamp itself, seem to show that, while it may have held water 

 as a lagoon during the time of the Detroit moraine, the long swamp 

 probably did not serve as a full-volume or a long-time outlet, but it may 

 have served briefly as a spillway when the ice-front first withdrew from 

 the hills at East Dayton. 



Lake (unnamed). 



ARKONA BEACH. 



The lake marked by the Arkona beach is left for the present un- 

 named pending further investigation. This beach is possibly the same 

 as the upper member of Gilbert's beach number 4, in western Ohio, and 

 his upper Crittenden, extending eastward into western New York. Ac- 

 cording to Spencer, it occurs near Goodells at 697 feet, and extends in 

 an almost perfectly horizontal position as far southward as the Ohio line. 

 A gravelly tract was found on the plain one mile northeast of Spring 

 hill by Mr Gilbert at an altitude of about 745 feet, but it seems hardly 

 possible that this can belong to the Arkona, for it would require a sud- 

 den rise of 48 feet in less than eight miles. Going directly east from 

 these gravels across Black river, Mr Gilbert found gravels at about 715 

 feet, which is approximately the level of the valley floor close to the 

 bank of the river, and also a ridge of sand at 755 feet on the west face of 

 the Port Huron moraine east of the river. The latter had the appear- 

 ance of a littoral ridge, but was not found farther north. This sand 

 probably corresponds in time of origin with the gravels at 745 feet on 

 the west side, but they do not appear to be clearly correlated with any 

 beach. No other observations were made either by Mr Gilbert or the 



