SPILLWAYS NORTH OF TYRE-UBLY OUTLET. 47 



writer that indicate positively the identification of the Arkona beach 

 north of Goodells. 



SPILLWAYS NORTH OF THE TYRE- UBLY OUTLET. 



The course of this beach northward and the place of the outlet to which 

 it is related are problems for future investigation. According to Spencer 

 it is a weakly developed beach. The writer's observation at Goodells, 

 between Burns and Wales, and at two or three other points farther south 

 corroborate this statement. It would be expected, therefore, that its outlet 

 would be less strongly marked than those related to the more strongly 

 developed Leipsic and Belmore beaches. The facts which seem to have 

 a bearing on the question of the probable course of this beach and the 

 place of its outlet are these: The Leipsic beach was traced directly into 

 the Imlay outlet; between this outlet and the Tyre-Ubly channel there 

 is no well developed outlet channel that might have served for the lake 

 during the time of the strongly developed Belmore beach, and between 

 the Leipsic and Belmore beaches there is no other well developed beach. 

 On this ground the inference seems plain that the Tyre-Ubly channel was 

 the outlet of lake Whittlesey. Further, the Belmore beach was traced far 

 enough north toward the Tyre-Ubly channel to furnish good reason to 

 believe on this ground also that it does, in fact, connect with that channel. 

 The Arkona beach lies below the Belmore, and hence if it had an inde- 

 pendent outlet the place of that outlet must have been farther north than 

 the Tyre-Ubly channel, but this beach has not been found on the eastern 

 face of the Port Huron moraine nor on the western face of the Saginaw 

 moraine. It seems certain, therefore, that this beach must be related to 

 an outlet across the thumb and not pass around the end as a continuous 

 mark of static waters. If the outlet for both the Arkona and the Bel- 

 more stages was by way of the Tyre-Ubly channel, then the independent 

 existence of the former beach must have been due to a change of attitude, 

 the outlet being lowered relatively to the region south of it, or the region 

 to the south being relatively elevated while the outlet remained un- 

 changed. Unless one of these alternatives be true, it would seem neces- 

 sary to suppose either that the outlet was farther north or that this beach 

 passed around the thumb. The country between Ubly and Verona Mills 

 and Bad Axe is mostly high, rough, morainic ground, with low swampy 

 tracts between the hills. Two open but rather crooked courses pass 

 through from east to west, the first one about four miles north of Ubly 

 and close by Wadsworth. It has a swampy floor and is comparatively 

 narrow. At one place, four miles north of Ubly, it is well paved with 

 boulders. The width in that part is about 70 or 80 rods, and the altitude 

 of the floor about 785 or 790 feet above sealevel. This way might easily 



VII— Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 8, 1896 



