FOREST BEACH OF LAKE WARREN. 49 



about 700 feet ; * three miles farther north, 695 feet ; west of Lake Port, 

 697 feet; east of Amadore, 695 feet, and between Carsonville and Port 

 Sanilac, 720 feet. The writer joined Mr Gilbert in an excursion from 

 Carsonville, when the beach was found three miles northeast at about 

 730 feet, and about five miles west of Richmondville, eight or ten miles 

 farther north, at about 740 feet. North of these places the writer found 

 this beach again at Charleston at about 740 feet; one mile east of Ruth 

 at about 750 feet, and from a point about three miles east of Verona 

 Mills it was traced continuously along the front of the hills, passing 

 about a mile to the north of Verona Mills to Bad Axe, and thence six 

 miles southwest to Popple, a total distance of about 15 miles. Its alti- 

 tude in this stretch is about 775 feet. Northeast of Bad Axe there was 

 an island, or perhaps two lying close together, the extreme point of land 

 being about five miles north-northeast of the town. Between the island 

 and the mainland is a short valle}' with a bouldery, swampy bottom 

 about a mile wide. It is not improbable that there was a very brief time 

 during the last lingering of the ice-front on the island when this valley 

 held a flowing outlet. The descent of the water through this passage 

 would hardly be more than two or three feet at the most, and at the next 

 step of retreat a clear way was opened around the north side of the 

 island. All the east-west valleys north of the Tyre-Ubly channel show 

 a possibility of service as temporary outlets. Their positions point to 

 this and a few specific evidences suggest it; but none of them show the 

 strong characters of an outlet long used. 



Continuing southwest, the Forest beach was found at Gagetown at 

 about 765 feet. From a point six miles north of Caro it was traced south 

 to a point two miles west of that town. Again, from a point two miles 

 north of Watrousville it was traced five or six miles southwest into Vassar, 

 altitude about 715 feet. On the hill in Vassar, near the water-tower and 

 a little to the south and west of it. is the extreme tip end of a long nar- 

 row peninsula projecting toward the southwest from Gagetown and Cass 

 City. From Vassar the beach turns back to the northeast along the inner 

 side of the peninsula. It is not generally so well formed in this inner 

 stretch, but was found on the east slope north of Vassar, at Watrousville, 

 at Caro, and somewhat doubtfully at Cass City. The long peninsula is 

 formed by the unsubmerged crest of the Saginaw moraine coming down 

 from the northeast. The Cass River valley behind the peninsula formed 

 a bay 25 miles long and only seven or eight miles w T ide at Vassar and 

 having its head a little above Cass City. About two miles southeast of 

 the latter place, on the south side of the river, or rather on the point be- 



* The discrepance between this measurement and the next three is probably attributable to the 

 aneroid, for the general slope of the Warren plane is southward. 



