BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 Vol. 8, pp. 183-196, pl. 15 February 27, 1897 



MODIFIED DRIFT IN SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA 



BY WARREN UPHAM 



(Presented before the Society December 31, 1896) 

 CONTENTS 



Page 



Topographic features 183 



Rock formations beneath the drift 184 



Modified drift of the Mississippi valley 185 



Plateaus of modified drift 186 



General character 186 



1. Summit Avenue plateau 188 



2. Hamline plateau , 188 



3. Como plateau ... 189 



4. Plateau of Western and Phalen avenues 190 



5. Plateau of Western avenue and Lawson street 190 



6. Plateau north of East University avenue , 190 



Eskers associated with the plateaus , 191 



Glacial drift and moraine belts 191 



Confluent currents of the ice-sheet 192 



Glacial lake Hamline 193 



Extent and depth 193 



Modified drift plateaus formed in lake Hamline 1 93 



Outlets to Rich valley 193 



Englacial transportation of the drift 194 



Lacustrine modification of englacial till 195 



Deflection of glacial strite toward lake Hamline 196 



Topographic Features. 



Saint Paul, comprising the southern third of Ramsey county, Minne- 

 sota, has a length of ten miles from east to west, a width of five to seven 

 miles, and an area slightly exceeding 55 square miles. It lies on the 

 north and east side of the Mississippi, excepting about five square miles 

 which lie south or west of the river in the remarkable northward loop 

 that here interrupts its general southeastward course. Reserve township 

 and parts of Rose, New Canada, and McLean townships are united with 

 the original city to give the present area as thus described. About half 



XXVII— Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 8, 1896 (183) 



