TESTIMONY OF THE RIVERS. 243 



to the north of it. In the lower 500 miles of its course the Churchill 

 flows at an elevation of 200 feet or more above the level of the other 

 stream. At Frog portage, 500 miles from the mouth, the river is held 

 up on the south side by a ridge of gneiss. At the lowest part of this 

 ridge a portion of the water " spills " over and forms a chute with a fall 

 of about 15 feet. The escaping water flows for more than 100 miles 

 southeastward across the lower country toward the Saskatchewan river, 

 which it joins at a point between 200 and 300 feet below the level of 

 Frog portage. 



RIVERS ON EAST SIDE OF HUDSON BA Y. 



On the opposite or east side of Hudson bay the two most southerly 

 rivers of the Labrador peninsula, the Rupert and the " Broad-backed 

 river," fall into Rupert bay. For the last 80 miles of their courses these 

 streams run parallel to each other and are only about 7 miles apart all 

 along. Although no distinct ridge intervenes, yet at the above distance 

 from the bay the Rupert, which is the more" northern, flows at a level 

 of 50 feet above the other, and its elevation is there about 350 feet over 

 the sea. 



RIVERS OF THE LABRADOR PENINSULA. 



The Labrador peninsula is 1,000 miles wide from east to west and the 

 same from north to south. From the heigh t-of-land down its center a 

 number of large rivers flow parallel to one another directly west to Hud- 

 son bay. Each of these rivers appears to receive its principal branches 

 from the north. Some of them, such as the Porcupine, the Little and 

 the Great Whale rivers, throw off <; lost channels," which run southward 

 in every case, and in two they fall into the river next to the south, as in 

 the case of the channel which escapes from the Churchill and runs to the 

 Saskatchewan on the west side of Hudson bay. 



RIVERS OF JAMES BAY. 



The Albany and Attawapishkat rivers, which fall into the west side of 

 James bay, in traversing the Laurentian country give off several " lost 

 channels," always on the south side, some of which flow for many miles 

 before they find their way back to the main stream. If these facts have 

 any significance as to a widespread differential elevation, it is in favor of 

 an increased uplift to the northward rather than in any other direction. 



BELL- RIVER. 



Location and extent. — We come now to the consideration of the evidence 

 bearing upon this question, which was observed by the writer during the 

 past two years while surveying the new river north of the Ottawa, as well 

 as its branches. 



