MORAINIC AND LACUSTRINE FEATURES. 271 



The morainic and lacustrine features of extreme western New York 

 have been studied by Mr Frank Leverett and discussed by him in an 

 article entitled "Correlation of New York Moraines with raised Beaches 

 of Lake Erie." * Some of the views guardedly expressed in that article 

 are definitely confirmed, while others require modification. The Lock- 

 port moraine was, undoubtedly, the eastern limit of the Warren water 

 for a considerable time and correlates with the formation of the beach 

 south of Crittenden, but the withdrawal of the ice-front from that portion 

 did not produce immediate lowering of the water or terminate the beach- 

 making process at the Crittenden level. The zone of sand and gravel 

 drift described by Mr Leverett as lying north of the Lockport moraine 

 (see page 19 of his article referred to above) is the shore-deposit of the 

 enlarged lake and is definitel}^ bordered by the eastward extension of 

 the beach. 



A comparison, as regards the time involved, of the beach east of Indian 

 Falls with the beach westward is very difficult to make on account of the 

 difference in the topographic relief. The Crittenden beach is much more 

 mature, but it lies nearly parallel with the contours of a comparatively 

 smooth sloping plain, and the conditions favored the rapid maturing of 

 the shoreline. Eastward from Indian Falls the land surface is very un- 

 even and the shoreline lies transverse to the drumlin molding, which 

 conditions would require a much longer time to straighten and mature 

 the beach. With all allowances, the impression made upon the mind is 

 that of somewhat less duration of the beach-making forces in the Genesee 

 region . 



The altitude of the Warren beach from Batavia eastward indicates that 

 the Warren plane must pass beneath the plane of the local lakeheld in 

 the Seneca embayment and outflowing by the Horseheads channel to the 

 Susquehanna river. Lake Newberry f was therefore not the successor of 

 lake Warren, but, on the contrary, the latter robbed the Horseheads 

 channel and succeeded lake Newberry in the Seneca region. The pro- 

 jection of the Warren plane northeastward would carry it about 500 feet 

 above the Iroquois plane. 



Evidences of a plane of static water lower than the Warren have also 

 been referred to in former writings. During the summer of this year a 

 strong beach was found near Geneva, about 170 or 180 feet below the 

 Warren plane, and it has been traced north and west for many miles. 

 This beach is evidence of a pause in the subsidence of the Warren water 

 of length sufficient to constitute a beach-making period, or else it indi- 

 cates a readvance of the ice over the Mohawk outlet and a distinct lacus- 



* Am. Jour. Sci.. vol. 50, July, 1895, pp. 1-20. 



t Lake Newberry the possible Successor of Lake Warren. Bull. Geol. Soc. Aru., vol. 6, pp. 462-466. 



