BEACH PHENOMENA BETWEEN INDIAN FALLS AND BATAVIA. 275 



wave-cut cliff is seen upon the west end and north side of the hill, which 

 is an outlier of the Helderberg-Corniferous strata. About a mile west of 

 the north-and-south, Smith ville-Pembroke, road the shoreline again be- 

 comes a ridge upon the drift-covered escarpment. The beach then runs 

 due south one mile, and after some interruption in a kame area crosses 

 at four corners to the south side of the east-and-west town-line road and 

 stretches along the north side of a moraine for about one mile, when it 

 breaks into several bars. Another very heavy ridge is found one-fourth 

 of a mile north on land of Mr Weber Stevens, in an old orchard on the 

 east side of an old road. This ridge of gravel runs east and southeast 

 one mile. At the next north-and-south road, leading south from Oak- 

 field station on the West Shore railroad, the shoreline is a cliff in till, 

 but soon resumes its normal character as a strong ridge of chert gravel 

 along the south side of the east-and-west town-line road. For three 

 miles the beach, as embankment or cliff, runs parallel with the road, 

 close upon the south side, against the north side of the moraine or drift- 

 covered terrane. It is generally 25 or 30 feet above the highway, which 

 lies upon the lake floor, the latter stretching north as a smooth plain. 



About a mile west of Daws Corners the strong bar curves southeast, 

 then after a gap by stream erosion it swings by curves eastward to the 

 Elba-Batavia road, which it crosses about one-half mile south of Daws 

 Corners, close to the house of Mr Sylvester Strong. The bar, which 

 here is destitute of chert, ends about one-half mile east of the road in a 

 heavy spit, on the edge of a broad stretch of low ground. A wave-swept 

 plain of sand borders the depression on the north, with low spits run- 

 ning into the depression. 



One-third of a mile south the shoreline is conspicuous as a bold cliff 

 in the east and west escarpment. Running eastward one-half mile, it 

 becomes a bar and then makes a curve to northward, lying on the sum- 

 mit of the high, steep escarpment of the Helderberg, about one-third of 

 a mile south of the town-line road. At the extreme northern point the 

 shoreline lies just beneath the very top of the escarpment, which is 

 Corniferous. From this point the beach runs southeast one mile to the 

 northeast-southwest road, at which point the ridge has been excavated 

 for gravel. Here it is on the top of the escarpment as a good ridge, and 

 so continues eastward for one-half mile, when it falls below the crest of 

 the ledge and curves around to southward as a rock cliff for nearly two 

 miles. The shoreline crosses to the east side of the north and south 

 town-line road, then after running along the road for about one-fourth 

 of a mile it lies in the roadway for about the same distance, then re- 

 crosses to the west side, and in half a mile becomes a well developed 

 gravel ridge. In the ground of Mr Charles Thornwell it bears a gravel 



