DAEMONELIX REGULAR AND DAEMONELIX "BUDS." 311 



meter in diameter. We have measured finely preserved rhizomes which 

 equaled 10 meters in length after an unknown amount had been weath- 

 ered from each extremity. 



The superficial structure, like that of every form of the Daemonelix 

 group, consists of the same mat of Daemonelix fibers, already described, 

 surrounding the same core of sand, traversed occasionally by tubules 

 and large tubes. 



Microscopically, there is not a suggestion of difference in any of the 

 forms from the first to the last. 



One restricted locality near Squaw canyon, because of the perfect 

 preservation of its fossils, makes promise of a solution of the whole ques- 

 tion when fully explored. Here the Devil's corkscrews abound in im- 

 mense numbers. From their spirals and transverse trunks thousands 

 of Daemonelix fibers penetrate the sand in every conceivable direction, 

 crossing, interlacing, intertwining, and uniting spiral to spiral. Great 

 mats of such fibers, called Daemonelix u sheets," extend in horizontal 

 layers across and among the spirals, much as a mat of Spirogyra floats 

 in water. 



The whole region around Squaw canyon gives evidence of having been 

 in former times a forest of closely set spirals interlocked by innumerable 

 fibers. It was from data collected at this locality and Eagle Crag that 

 the diagram represented in figure 29 of plate 35 was prepared. 



DAEMONELIX "BUDS." 



The so-called " buds," which had puzzled the students of former ex- 

 peditions, were found in place here, and turn out to be the ends of spurs 

 or processes found in Daemonelix, regular and irregular (see plate 35, 

 figures 30, 31, 32). 



Superficial Structure of Daemonelix. 



The surface structure of the Devil's corkscrew, precisely like that of 

 all preceding forms, is one mat or mass of tubules or fibers. . Its-external 

 appearance cannot be more aptly likened to anything than a spiral of 

 fine excelsior in a matrix of hydraulic cement. The color of water-lime 

 is almost exactly that of the matrix in which the Devil's corkscrews are 

 found. Should this be further molded and fashioned with wrinkles, 

 corrugations, and folds, as shown in figure 34, plate 36, the similarity of 

 the real and artificial product would be close. The corrugations and 

 wrinkles are parallel to the axis in the rhizome, but transverse, or nearly 

 so, in the spiral, where they are confined to the upper surface, the under 

 surface generally being square cut and smooth. While these markings 



