318 W. B. CLARK — UPPER CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS OF NEW JERSEY. 



Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden to make a studj^ of the various 

 branches of natural history in this country. He visited the northern 

 part of the district now under consideration and recorded many observa- 

 tions of interest. 



In 1777 Dr Johann David Schoepf * of Germany, visited America in 

 order to study the geological features of the eastern portion of the conti- 

 nent. His observations and comparisons of the Coastal Plain formations 

 mark considerable advance over those of Kalm. The importance of his 

 investigations have not been very generally recognized by later writers, 

 but he showed a remarkably keen insight into the geology of eastern 

 America, which was lacking on the part of some of his successors. 



The first attempt at a correlation of the deposits of the Coastal plain 

 with the geological column then established in Europe was made by 

 William Maclure,t in 1809, in his " Observations on the Geology of the 

 United States." In this publication the coastal deposits are collectively 

 referred to the "Alluvial formation," the fourth of the main divisions of 

 geological strata proposed by Werner. The work was subsequently re- 

 vised and enlarged, appearing in book form in 1817. J 



A few years subsequent to the appearance of Maclure's articles, H. H. 

 Hayden § published a volume of " Geological Essays," in which an 

 explanation is given of the great accumulation of " alluvial deposits " 

 in the eastern and southern portions of the United States, and the stra- 

 tigraphy of the region is described in much greater detail than by his 

 predecessors. Reference is made to the wide distribution of fossil shells 

 and vertebrate remains, and many localities are cited. 



A second work of the same general character, so far as it relates to the 

 geology, was published somewhat later by Parker Cleveland. || It is 

 entitled "An Elemental Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology," and on 

 page 785, under " Remarks on the Geology of the United States Explan- 

 atory of the Subjoined Geological Map," the author defines the limits of 

 the " alluvial deposits," and in general terms describes their lithological 

 character. 



Samuel Akerly, ^j in an essay published in New York in 1820, discusses 

 the " alluvial deposits " of northern New Jersey. In this paper the marl 



* Beitrage zur mineralogischen Kenntniss des ostlichen Theils von Nord Amerika und seiner 

 Geburge, 8vo, 1787, 194 pp., Erlangen. 



f Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., vol. 6, 1809, pp. 411-428. Translation in Journal de Physique, vol. 69, 

 1809, pp. 204-213, and vol. 72, 1811, pp. 137, 138. 



j Philadelphia, 8vo, 130 pp. ; also in Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., new series, vol. 1, 1817, pp. 1-92, and 

 Leonard's Zeitschrift, band 1, 1826, pp. 124-138. 



g Geological Essays, etc., Baltimore, 1820, 8vo, vol. viii, 412 pp. 



|| An Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology, 1822. 



11 An Essay on the Geology of the Hudson River and the Adjacent Regions, etc., New York, 

 1820, i2mo, 69 pp. aud one plate. 



