PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EASTERN ADIRONDACK^. 411 



tours of the Ticonderoga, Paradox Lake, and Schroon sheets of the United States 

 Geological Survey for this particular area, and then reducing to about one-third 

 the original. From the lake Champlain shore at Crown Point village the Potsdam 

 sandstone sets back up the valley of Putts creek. One outlier is met at Crown 

 Point Center, about three miles inland; another is a mile farther on the main 

 stream ; a third lies on a small tributary to the northwest and on the 700-foot con- 

 tour, while a fourth is at the head of a southerly tributary in a little cul-de-sac on 

 the 800 to 900-foot contours; a fifth little area is on the flanks of Bulwagga moun- 

 tain nearer the lake on the north side of the valley, and Calciferous cherty lime- 

 stone is abundant on the shore. 



Returning now to the valley of Putts creek and following it upstream, it will be 

 seen that it flows from Penfields pond at the little hamlet of Ironville (called I'ville 

 on the map), and that the pond continues the valley southward, but that the 1,000- 

 foot contour is not far back from its shore. Putnams creek is the inlet, and in a 

 swampy area has an almost imperceptible divide from the head feeder of Paragon 

 lake (formerly known as Long pond). Following up a little feeder of the creek 

 and nearly due south a small outlier of Potsdam is met, over 1,200 feet above tide 

 and away up in a little, narrow valley. Its strike is north-northeast and its dip 

 13 degrees west. The relations of the drainage at the head of Paragon lake are 

 curious and interesting. It would require but a very little to change the lake's dis- 

 charge to the Putnam Creek outlet. 



Following along the valley of Paragon lake, at the 951-foot level, and that of 

 Paradox lake, at 820, with notably sluggish streams all through this region, we 

 pass into the broad valley of Schroon lake, whose upper end has been manifestly 

 filled in in very recent time. At Schroon Lake post-office, on the w r est shore and 

 less than a mile from the inlet, is an area of Calciferous, blue, flinty limestone 

 striking north 60 degrees east and dipping 25 degrees west. It is exposed for a 

 quarter of a mile along the shore and has a total visible thickness of 75 feet.* This 

 little outlier is of extreme interest, occurring as it does fully 20 miles from lake 

 Champlain and 40 miles from the nearest Paleozoic outcrop down the valley of 

 Schroon lake, Schroon river, and the Hudson. 



It is the writer's belief that all of this depressed area which has been sketched 

 out above was once filled with the Paleozoic sediments, and that the erosion since 

 these early times has been largely engaged in cleaning them out. There has been 

 considerable faulting, no doubt, and elevation of the Potsdam above Chilson, but 

 still the present streams all appear to be near local baselevels. The Schroon, for 

 example, must be followed up to the limits of the map before the 900-foot contour is 

 cut, and then 6 miles farther yet before the 1,000 one is met. This is a very low 

 gradient for an Adirondack creek. Probably the ice of the Glacial period scoured 

 out no small amount of Paleozoic remnants. 



Ticonderoga Embayment 



Figure 2 of plate 51 is a sketch map of the relations at the outlet of lake George 

 at Ticonderoga. On the lake Champlain shore the Ordovician strata are strongly 



*This area was first reported by Charles R. Hall, who speaks of it as Chazy, and states that 

 fossils occur in it. The writer was unable to find fossils, and regarded it as Calciferous on litho- 

 logical grounds. .See C. E. Hall : Thirty-second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Museum Nat. History, 

 1879, p. 139. Fossils would of course settle the question. 



