170 W. H. HOBBS — CHANNELS SURROUNDING MANHATTAN ISLAND 



able differences in coarseness 

 of texture are noted, and one 

 specimen was even labeled 

 clay. This specimen differed, 

 however, in no respect from 

 the others except in its greater 

 fineness. 



Tunnels of the Pennsylvania 

 Railroad Company. — These 

 proposed tunnels are to run 

 from the area between Thirty - 

 i second and Thirty-third 

 "% streets, Manhattan, to that 

 * between Flushing and Bor- 

 | den streets, Queens. Core 

 i w drill borings on both shores 

 ! | of the East river along the 

 j | line of these proposed tun- 

 I & nels have been made under 

 ! g the direction of Mr A. Noble, 

 ; ™ chief engineer of the com- 

 I g pany for the East River sec- 

 ; j? tion. Between First avenue, 

 j I New York city, and Front 

 ! «« street, Long Island City, no 

 | less than 35 core borings and 

 g 112 wash borings have been 

 § made. The core borings, 

 § which are all on the land- 

 ward side of the bulkhead 

 lines, are in gneiss exclu- 

 sively. The wash borings in 

 the river give with much de- 

 tail the surface of the rock 

 bottom of the river over a 

 belt about 600 feet wide on 

 the Long Island shore, but 

 they, of course, fail to reveal 

 the nature of the rock at the 

 bottom. The depths in the 

 section of figure 16 are averaged from the values for approximately 

 equal distances from the shores. Quite remarkable and sudden changes 



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