BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 VOL. 16, PP. 215-228. PL. 36 APRIL 29, 1905 



MORAINES OF THE SENECA AND CAYUGA LAKE VALLEYS* 



BY RALPH S. TARR 



(Read before the Society December SI, 1904) 

 CONTENTS 



Page 



Previous work , 215 



General topography 216 



Direction of ice motion 216 



General history of ice occupation 217 



General features of the moraines 218 



Well defined lateral moraines 218 



Frayed moraines 219 



Moraines of lateral tongues 220 



Marginal lakes 221 



Unequal development of moraines of valley lobes 221 



Morainic complex between Cayuga and Seneca valleys 223 



Terminal moraine loops 224 



Morainic fans 224 



Nunatak moraines 224 



Morainic complex in the upper Cayuga and Seneca valleys 225 



Mode of formation of the moraines 227 



Marginal and outflow channels 228 



Outwash gravels 228 



Previous Work 



The striking morainic development in the valleys south of Seneca and 

 Cayuga lakes, together with some of the morainic deposits between these 

 valleys, were observed and mapped by Professor T. C. Chamberlin as a 

 part of the " Moraine of the second glacial epoch. "f Since then no de- 

 scriptions in a more detailed way have been made. For ten years the 

 writer has been making observations on these moraines, and in 1903 

 undertook for the United States Geological Survey the systematic study 

 and mapping of the moraines and other Quaternary deposits of four 

 topographic sheets, namely, Ithaca, Watkins, Elmira, and Waverly. The 



* Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. In the mapping of 

 these moraines and other Quaternary deposits the author was assisted by Messrs Lawrence 

 Martin and B. S. Butler. 



t Third Annual Report U. S. Geol. Survey, 1881-1882, pp. 353-3G0. 



XXIX — Bull. Geol. Soo. Am., Vol. 16, 1904 (215) 



