DRUMLINS IN MICHIGAN 577 



The third paper was, in the absence of the author and by vote of the 

 Society, read by I. C. Russell, entitled 



DRUMLINS IN THE GRAND TRAVERSE REGION OF MICHIGAN 

 BY FRANK L EVERETT 



[Abstract] 



The paper discussed the distribution, form, structure, and modes of development 

 of the dnimlins of the northwestern part of the southern peninsula of Michigan. 

 Particular attention is given to modes of development, since more than one mode 

 appears to have been operative. Some dnimlins have been sculptured from earlier 

 deposits at the last ice advance and some built up during that advance from mate- 

 rial contained in the ice. Attention was called incidentally to heavy deposits of 

 nearly pebbleless laminated clay, apparently laid down in interglacial lakes, for 

 this clay has been molded to some extent into drumlin forms by a subsequent 

 ice invasion. Large valleys excavated in this interglacial clay were briefly dis- 

 cussed and shown to antedate the production of the drumlins, the latter being in 

 some cases built on the valley bottom. 



In view of the fact that a large number of papers were yet to be pre- 

 sented and the time limited, it was voted that for the remainder of the 

 morning a temporary Section of Stratigraphy should be organized in 

 another room of the building, before which certain of the papers should 

 be read. 



The fourth paper in the general session was 



DRUMLIN AREAS IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN 

 BY ISRAEL C. RUSSELL 



[Abstract] 



There are at least two regions in the northern peninsula of Michigan in which 

 drumlins form the most conspicuous features of the topography. One of these 

 areas includes Les Cheneaux islands and a part of the adjacent mainland, on the 

 north shore of lake Huron, and the other area is situated principally in Menominee 

 county, to the west of Green Bay. 



Les Cheneaux islands area embraces about 70 square miles ; the numerous drum- 

 lins within it are of the elongate, ridge-like type, are in general about 40 feet high, 

 and trend northwest and southeast. The direction of ice movement to which the 

 drumlins are due, as recorded by striae, etcetera, on rock surfaces, was from the 

 northwest toward the southeast. Many of the drumlins are partially submerged 

 in the water of lake Huron and form Les Cheneaux islands and the capes on the 

 border of the adjacent mainland ; the conspicuous parallelism of the longer axes 

 of the islands and of the neighboring capes is due to this cause. The drumlins are 

 for the most part below the horizon of the Nipissing beach, and have been washed 

 by lake waters so as to remove the greater part of the fine material formerly present 

 on their surfaces, and concentrate the stones and boulders. 



