POCONO OF ALABAMA, TENN^ESSEE, AND KENTUCKY 37 



resting on the black Chattanooga shale. Farther north, near the Ken- 

 tuck}^ line, these rocks weather almost wholly into shale.* This state- 

 ment agrees with that of Mr Campbell, who, near the Kentucky line, 

 finds 350 feet of " Waverly " shales and limestones. f 



The Protean covers much of Tennessee west from the Great Central 

 valle3^ In a great part of the southern and western counties of 

 this area it " is a stratified leached mass of soft pale yellowish or 

 orange gray porous sandstone, which can be easily sawn or cut with an 

 axe." In many places toward the center and south it is a pale blue 

 fetid calcareous silicious shale carrying chert, but the chert is not 

 persistent. This shale reaches into Lauderdale county of Alabama. 

 In Hickman county and in the northwestern portion of the area the 

 Protean is sometimes an almost continuous limestone, 150 feet thick. J 

 This area is continuous witli that of central Kentucky and of Indiana 

 and its features have only an indirect bearing on the Appalachian. 



The Waverly of the Second Geological Survey of Kentucky is the 

 same with the Knobstone of Joseph Lesley and includes the Protean 

 of Safford. It is the same with the Waverly of Ohio, and its lower beds 

 cover a narrow space extending south wardl}^ from the earlier beds 

 rounding the southerly point of the Cincinnati uplift. The whole series 

 is shown in a narrow strip eastward, continuous with that of Ohio. 



At one locality in Clinton county, near the Tennessee line. Doctor 

 Loughridge obtained the following Waverly section : 



Feet 



1. Sandstones, more or less calcareous 95 



2. Shaly rock 50 



3. Sandstone with geodes 40 



4. Green shale 4 



5. Crinoidal limestone with flints 25 



6. Shale with flint layers 49 



Total 272 



and resting on the black (Chattanooga) shale; but the section varies 

 much, for elsewhere in this county Doctor Loughridge measured 376 feet.§ 

 In these sections the whole interval from the Mauch Chunk to the 

 Black shale is regarded as belonging to the Lower Carboniferous and as 

 equivalent to the Waverly of Ohio. Mr Joseph Lesle}^ in his general 

 description of the formation says that it is separable into two divisions; 



* J. M. Safford : Geology of Tenuessee, 18G9, pp. 339, 354, 356. 

 t M. R. Campbell : Standing Stone folio, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1899. 

 J. J. M. Safford : Op. cit., pp. 339, 340, 341. 



§ R. H. Loughridge: Report on geology of Clinton county. Geological Survey of Kentucify, 

 1890, p. 18. 



