GEOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF THE POCOXO 41 



by Professor H. S. Williams, had been a torment for many years and the 

 conclusions of observers were mutually contradictory. The first result 

 of Professor Herrick's study was the discovery that most of the trouble 

 had arisen from faulty methods of collecting, whereby differentiation of 

 horizons was ignored and fossils from all parts of the series were labeled 

 Waverly. 



Underlying the Berea grit of Ohio is the Bedford shale, whose fossils 

 are closely related to those of the New York Hamilton. The Berea grit, 

 evidently the same with the upper part of White's Oil Lake group, is 

 exceedingly poor in fossils, but overlying it is the Berea shale containing 

 characteristic forms, among which are two which occur in the Bedford. 

 This shale is i)aleontologically similar to the Orangeville of White. 

 On the Berea shale rests the mass known in Ohio as the Cu3^ahoga 

 and represented in Pennsylvania by the Sharpsville sandstones and 

 possibly by the lower portion of the Meadville. The Sharpsville sand- 

 stones are persistent in Ohio as the Buena Vista sandstone, but the great 

 overlying mass of the Cuyahoga seems to have almost disap])eared east- 

 ward at the Pennsylvania line in the north. The Cu3\ahoga in Ohio was 

 thought formerly to be very poor in fossils, but Professor Herrick found 

 an abundant fauna at various horizons. The lower portion in northern 

 Ohio contains a fauna which is related to that of the Berea, while the 

 upper portion for 90 to 100 feet below the Logan conglomerate contains 

 a very different and characteristic fauna. The lower shales disappear 

 southward and the true Cuyahoga fauna is found at a few feet above the 

 Buena Vista flags near the Ohio river. The forms characterizing this 

 horizon were collected b}^ Professor Herrick at many localities from the 

 Cuyahoga valley near lake Erie southward to the Ohio river. In the 

 discussion of this fauna he says that " the fossils which have been re- 

 ferred to Carboniferous species seem in every case to have been incor- 

 rectly identified," and he concludes with the statement that " enough 

 has been said to show that the Cu3^ahoga shales are Devonian and lie 

 above the Hamilton." The fauna is Chemung, but not specifically the 

 same as that of New York. 



In central Ohio there underlies the Logan sandstone a shale which 

 Herrick named '* The Waverly shale." "^ Here he obtained the fauna 

 described in earlier days as '' Waverly," and he shows its unmistakable 

 resemblance to Kinderhook. This fauna passes upward into the Logan 

 conglomerate, which becomes shaly southward, though still retaining 

 the fauna. The Burlington and Keokuk are found in the upper portion 

 of the Logan, from which Professor Herrick made collections at several 



* C. L. Herrick : Bull. Geol. Soc. Api., vol. ii, 1891, p. 37. 



