EASTERN AND SOUTHERN OUTCROPS 69 



whole becoming more or less calcareous in the lower portion. The upper 

 limestone is not wholly exposed, there being a concealed space, estimated 

 at 250 feet, beginning at 105 feet from the top and containing in its upper 

 portion a thick bed of sandstone. Apparently at least one-half of the 

 total thickness is shale, of which one bed, estimated at 150 feet, is almost 

 midwa}^ in the section. Many of the limestone layers are ver}^ impure. 

 The fossils from beds as far down as to within 80 feet from the bottom 

 are similar to those obtained from the upper limestones in southwest 

 Penns3^1vania. The lower limestone is very distinct from the upper. 

 Chert is present in almost every bed. Some shales are present, but lime- 

 stone predominates throughout. The fossils differ from those in the 

 upper limestone.* Mr Campbell has named the shales Pennington and 

 the whole limestone Newman. Along the same line in Scott count}- of 

 Virginia and in northern Tennessee the thickness of the Newman lime- 

 stone is estimated by Mr Campbell as at least 1,500 feet, but he makes 

 no estimate there of the Pennington, as it has suffered much from erosion. f 



A space 15 or 20 miles wide intervenes between the Brush}^ Mountain 

 strip of Mississippian and the next at the northwest, the latter being not 

 very far off the strike with the Alleghany of Pendleton, Alleghany, and 

 Greenbrier counties. No information is available at present for Monroe 

 county of West Virginia, but observations are recorded for Summers 

 and Mercer counties, those lying next to Monroe on the dip. These 

 observations are somewhat at variance. 



Professor Fontaine, as already stated, found near Hinton, in Summers 

 county, shales 1,450 feet resting on the limestone. Mr Maury gives 

 3,500 feet as the aggregate thickness of the whole Mississippian in the 

 neighborhood of Hinton, which, after deducting 1,160 feet for the Pocono, 

 as measured by Fontaine, would give somewhat more than 2,200 feet for 

 the lim^estone and shales. J Messrs Campbell and Mendenhall describe 

 the Hinton formation, the upper portion of the shales, as a '' heterogene- 

 ous mass of variegated shales and sandstones of varying character and 

 impure limestones, ranging in thickness from 1,050 to 1,100 feet." The 

 lowest bed is a heavy sandstone, which is above the river bed at Hinton. 

 They call especial attention to the conglomerate character of this sand- 

 stone, the pebbles consisting of dark slightly sandy shale. They see 

 evidences of local erosion in the finer portions of the sandstone, the 

 eroded portions being filled up with the conglomerate.§ Apparentl}^ 



* J. J. Stevenson : Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. xxii, p. 135 ; the same, vol. xix, p. 258 et seq. The 

 measurement given for the lower limestone in the latter paper should be diminished by 100 feet, 

 as the lowest portion should be referred to the Grainger shales of Campbell, which are Devonian. 



tM. R. Campbell : U. S. Geol. Survey, Estillville folio, 1894. 



X M. F. Maury : Resources of West Virginia, 1876, p. 187. 



gM. R. Campbell and W. C. Mendenhall : Seventeenth Annual Report U. S. Geol. Survey, 1896, 

 pp. 487-489. 



