﻿6 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  POPULATION 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  population 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  Highland 
  region 
  is 
  about 
  

   28,000,000. 
  An 
  accurate 
  estimate 
  of 
  the 
  contemporary 
  Indian 
  pop- 
  

   ulation 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  secure 
  since 
  the 
  designation 
  "Indian" 
  is 
  as 
  much 
  

   cultural, 
  linguistic, 
  and 
  economic 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  physical. 
  An 
  estimate 
  by 
  

   Rosenblatt 
  (1935) 
  covers 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  countries, 
  based 
  on 
  his 
  analysis 
  

   of 
  the 
  census 
  figures 
  for 
  the 
  year 
  1930: 
  

  

  Highland 
  Indian 
  population 
  in 
  1930 
  

  

  Indian 
  Mestizo 
  Total 
  

  

  Colombia 
  250,000 
  3,925,500 
  4,175,500 
  

  

  Ecuador 
  960,000 
  600,000 
  1,560,000 
  

  

  Peril 
  3,711,140 
  1,352,340 
  5,063,480 
  

  

  Bolivia 
  1,890,000 
  1,120,000 
  3,010,000 
  

  

  Total 
  6,811,140 
  6,997,840 
  13,808,980 
  

  

  That 
  these 
  totals 
  will 
  be 
  somewhat 
  modified 
  in 
  the 
  light 
  of 
  more 
  recent 
  

   counts 
  is 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  1940 
  census 
  in 
  Peru, 
  which 
  lists 
  2,847,196 
  

   Indians 
  out 
  of 
  a 
  total 
  population 
  of 
  7,023,111. 
  

  

  Brand 
  (1941 
  b) 
  has 
  made 
  a 
  careful 
  estimate 
  of 
  the 
  contemporary 
  

   Indian 
  groups 
  in 
  Chile, 
  with 
  the 
  following 
  results: 
  

  

  Chilean 
  Indians 
  in 
  1941 
  

  

  Araucanians 
  300, 
  000 
  

  

  Spanish-speaking 
  Indians 
  100, 
  000 
  

  

  Aymara 
  and 
  Uru 
  40, 
  000 
  

  

  Atacameno 
  4, 
  000 
  (?) 
  

  

  Total 
  444,000 
  

  

  Forbes 
  (1870, 
  pp. 
  200-202) 
  made 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  Bolivian 
  census 
  of 
  

   1854 
  and 
  arrived 
  at 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  441,746 
  Aymara 
  Indians 
  and 
  77,480 
  

   White 
  and 
  mixed 
  for 
  the 
  11 
  Highland 
  provinces. 
  He 
  added 
  to 
  this 
  

   an 
  estimated 
  379,884 
  Aymara 
  Indians 
  in 
  Peru, 
  and, 
  after 
  certain 
  re- 
  

   ductions 
  for 
  inaccuracies, 
  suggested 
  the 
  round 
  number 
  of 
  750,000 
  

   ^ymara-speaking 
  Indians 
  for 
  the 
  year 
  1870. 
  A 
  recent 
  manuscript 
  by 
  

   La 
  Barre 
  estimates 
  about 
  600,000 
  Aymara 
  i 
  for 
  the 
  year 
  1935. 
  

  

  It 
  would 
  appear, 
  then, 
  that 
  a 
  conservative 
  estimate 
  of 
  the 
  Indians 
  

   in 
  the 
  Andean 
  Highland 
  region 
  today 
  would 
  be 
  6,500,000. 
  Of 
  these, 
  

   a 
  rough 
  division 
  could 
  be 
  made 
  into 
  5,500,000 
  Quechua-spesLkhig 
  In- 
  

   dians, 
  600,000 
  ^mara-speaking, 
  300,000 
  Araucanian-sipeakmg, 
  and 
  

   100,000 
  miscellaneous. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  significant 
  that 
  the 
  Indian 
  pop- 
  

   ulation, 
  although 
  less 
  than 
  one-quarter 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  for 
  the 
  Andean 
  

   area, 
  is 
  concentrated 
  in 
  inhabitable 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  mountains 
  of 
  

   Ecuador, 
  Peru, 
  and 
  Bolivia, 
  and 
  in 
  south 
  Middle 
  Chile. 
  Con- 
  

   sequently, 
  the 
  Indians 
  often 
  form 
  high 
  percentages 
  of 
  the 
  populations 
  

   of^the 
  areas 
  they 
  occupy. 
  

  

  i 
  Tschopik 
  prefers 
  this 
  figure 
  (see 
  this 
  volume, 
  p. 
  604) 
  

  

  