﻿Vol.2] 
  ANDEAN 
  HIGHLANDS 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  27 
  

  

  Indian 
  cities 
  as 
  Pachacamac 
  in 
  the 
  Lurin 
  Valley, 
  Chanchan 
  in 
  the 
  

   Moche 
  Valley, 
  La 
  Barranca 
  in 
  Pacasmayo 
  Valley, 
  and 
  El 
  Purgatorio 
  

   in 
  Lambayeque 
  Valley 
  were 
  neglected. 
  In 
  the 
  Highlands, 
  Spanish 
  

   and 
  Indian 
  centers 
  commonly 
  coincided, 
  except 
  where 
  new 
  towns 
  

   were 
  built 
  for 
  better 
  exploitation 
  of 
  the 
  mines. 
  During 
  the 
  civil 
  

   wars 
  which 
  followed 
  the 
  initial 
  Spanish 
  Conquest, 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  Indi- 
  

   ans 
  abandoned 
  the 
  towns 
  and 
  withdrew 
  to 
  small 
  isolated 
  villages. 
  

   Later, 
  Spanish 
  Colonial 
  governors 
  tried 
  with 
  varying 
  degrees 
  of 
  suc- 
  

   cess 
  to 
  bring 
  the 
  Indians 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  urban 
  centers 
  for 
  better 
  protec- 
  

   tion 
  and 
  control. 
  In 
  the 
  17th 
  century, 
  an 
  active 
  period 
  of 
  church 
  

   building 
  utilized 
  Indian 
  labor 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  past. 
  

  

  Today 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Highland 
  towns 
  have 
  a 
  high 
  percentage 
  of 
  Indians, 
  

   but 
  the 
  Indians 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  on 
  haciendas 
  and 
  in 
  isolated 
  houses 
  

   and 
  small 
  villages 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  The 
  dwellings 
  

   have 
  changed 
  but 
  little, 
  since 
  their 
  construction 
  has 
  always 
  been 
  done 
  

   by 
  the 
  individual 
  or 
  his 
  local 
  group. 
  Most 
  houses 
  are 
  now 
  made 
  of 
  

   adobe, 
  but 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  rough 
  stone 
  is 
  still 
  used. 
  Houses 
  are 
  still 
  

   small 
  and 
  rectangular, 
  and, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  past, 
  the 
  interiors 
  are 
  barren 
  of 
  

   anything 
  except 
  niches, 
  pegs, 
  and 
  perhaps 
  a 
  clay 
  sleeping 
  bench. 
  

   The 
  great 
  stone-working 
  tradition 
  has 
  disappeared, 
  since 
  there 
  is 
  

   now 
  no 
  occasion 
  to 
  build 
  large 
  religious 
  pyramids, 
  fortifications, 
  or 
  

   houses 
  for 
  chiefs. 
  

  

  CRAFTS 
  

  

  The 
  Central 
  Andean 
  pattern 
  places 
  an 
  emphasis 
  on 
  skilled 
  crafts- 
  

   manship. 
  In 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  archeological 
  periods, 
  high 
  standards 
  of 
  

   technique 
  and 
  skill 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  such 
  basic 
  crafts 
  as 
  ceramics, 
  weaving, 
  

   and 
  metallurgy. 
  The 
  fabricated 
  objects 
  are 
  described 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  

   the 
  Handbook, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  an 
  attempt 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  evaluate 
  the 
  

   technological 
  advancement 
  of 
  the 
  crafts. 
  

  

  Ceramics. 
  — 
  Throughout 
  the 
  total 
  archeological 
  history 
  of 
  this 
  area, 
  

   the 
  ceramic 
  art 
  has 
  been 
  important. 
  Chavin 
  Period 
  ceramics, 
  so 
  far 
  

   the 
  earliest 
  discovered, 
  are 
  technologically 
  advanced 
  and 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  

   primitive. 
  Coil 
  technique, 
  modeling, 
  and 
  casting 
  in 
  molds 
  were 
  

   known 
  in 
  the 
  Chavin 
  and 
  Early 
  Periods, 
  although 
  not 
  utilized 
  in 
  

   every 
  subsequent 
  period. 
  There 
  were 
  always 
  two 
  categories 
  of 
  

   ceramics: 
  utilitarian 
  wares 
  for 
  daily 
  use, 
  and 
  ceremonial 
  wares 
  for 
  

   grave 
  goods 
  and 
  other 
  religious 
  purposes. 
  The 
  ceremonial 
  vessels 
  

   were 
  the 
  best 
  designed 
  and 
  are 
  commonest 
  in 
  collections. 
  

  

  No 
  significant 
  technological 
  advancements 
  in 
  ceramics 
  are 
  found 
  

   in 
  the 
  archeological 
  sequence. 
  However, 
  some 
  generalizations 
  can 
  be 
  

   made 
  about 
  the 
  changes 
  in 
  art 
  style. 
  Chavin 
  Period 
  ceramics 
  are 
  

   characterized 
  by 
  monochrome 
  painting 
  with 
  decoration 
  by 
  incision 
  or 
  

   in 
  relief. 
  In 
  general, 
  the 
  designs 
  are 
  stylized 
  and 
  dominated 
  by 
  the 
  

   feline 
  motif, 
  although 
  geometric 
  designs 
  used 
  as 
  the 
  only 
  ornamenta- 
  

  

  