﻿30 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  

  weavers 
  were 
  maintained 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  producing 
  the 
  fine 
  cloth 
  

   for 
  the 
  Inca 
  nobility. 
  At 
  all 
  times, 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  weaving, 
  consuming 
  

   innumerable 
  days 
  and 
  even 
  years 
  of 
  labor, 
  was 
  for 
  the 
  noneconomic 
  

   purpose 
  of 
  clothing 
  and 
  wrappings 
  for 
  the 
  dead. 
  

  

  Stone 
  Carving. 
  — 
  Stone 
  carving 
  is 
  not 
  characteristic 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  

   Central 
  Andean 
  cultures, 
  although 
  it 
  was 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Chavin, 
  

   Recuay, 
  and 
  Classic 
  Tiahuanaco 
  Periods. 
  The 
  carving 
  of 
  statues 
  or 
  

   other 
  forms 
  of 
  sculpturing 
  in 
  the 
  round 
  were 
  poorly 
  developed, 
  but 
  

   skill 
  was 
  achieved 
  in 
  the 
  application 
  of 
  rather 
  intricate 
  designs 
  to 
  flat 
  

   surfaces 
  of 
  stone. 
  Much 
  of 
  the 
  stone 
  carving 
  was 
  associated 
  with 
  

   stone 
  building. 
  Small 
  objects 
  of 
  carved 
  stone 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  many 
  

   periods. 
  In 
  the 
  Chavin, 
  Tiahuanaco, 
  and 
  Inca 
  Periods, 
  ornamental 
  

   bowls 
  and 
  llamas 
  or 
  other 
  animals 
  were 
  carved 
  from 
  stone. 
  Although 
  

   some 
  of 
  this 
  work 
  exhibits 
  skill, 
  it 
  would 
  not 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   outstanding 
  achievements 
  of 
  this 
  area. 
  Carving 
  in 
  other 
  materials, 
  

   such 
  as 
  wood 
  and 
  bone, 
  is 
  again 
  common 
  but 
  not 
  distinguished. 
  

  

  Miscellaneous. 
  — 
  Baskets, 
  plain 
  or 
  ornamented 
  calabashes, 
  and 
  

   miscellaneous 
  artifacts 
  of 
  shell, 
  wood, 
  bone, 
  and 
  stone 
  are 
  all 
  common 
  

   in 
  the 
  archeological 
  sites, 
  but 
  none 
  is 
  of 
  sufficient 
  distinction 
  to 
  serve 
  as 
  

   a 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  Andean 
  pattern. 
  Basketry 
  was 
  never 
  

   very 
  advanced 
  or 
  varied 
  in 
  technique. 
  The 
  earliest 
  types 
  in 
  the 
  Chavin 
  

   Periods 
  are 
  totora-reed 
  mats 
  and 
  simple 
  twined 
  containers. 
  Coiled 
  

   basketry, 
  although 
  old 
  in 
  North 
  Chile, 
  is 
  rare 
  in 
  Peru. 
  The 
  earliest 
  

   yet 
  reported 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  Period 
  at 
  Cafiete. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Inca 
  Period, 
  many 
  skilled 
  craftsmen 
  were 
  maintained 
  by 
  the 
  

   State 
  as 
  specialized 
  workers. 
  The 
  Spanish 
  Conquest 
  put 
  an 
  end 
  to 
  

   such 
  State-supported 
  craft 
  shops 
  and 
  provided 
  no 
  new 
  market 
  for 
  the 
  

   output, 
  with 
  the 
  result 
  that 
  skilled 
  craftsmen 
  soon 
  disappeared. 
  The 
  

   manufacture 
  of 
  distinctive, 
  decorated 
  pottery 
  ceased 
  almost 
  immedi- 
  

   ately. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  metallurgists 
  worked 
  for 
  a 
  while 
  as 
  silversmiths 
  

   but 
  were 
  soon 
  replaced 
  by 
  European 
  or 
  Mestizo 
  artizans. 
  For 
  some 
  

   time 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  good 
  market 
  for 
  well-made 
  and 
  decorative 
  cloth, 
  

   both 
  for 
  local 
  use 
  and 
  for 
  export, 
  so 
  skilled 
  weaving 
  continued. 
  In 
  the 
  

   Colonial 
  Periods, 
  some 
  excellent 
  tapestries 
  of 
  exceedingly 
  intricate 
  de- 
  

   sign 
  were 
  woven 
  by 
  the 
  Indians. 
  Other 
  crafts 
  were 
  continued 
  only 
  for 
  

   producing 
  articles 
  for 
  local 
  Indian 
  users. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  Colonial 
  Periods, 
  the 
  Indians 
  accepted 
  many 
  objects 
  of 
  

   European 
  manufacture. 
  In 
  the 
  Mature 
  Colonial 
  Period, 
  the 
  system 
  

   known 
  as 
  the 
  reparto 
  de 
  efectos 
  forced 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  useless 
  luxury 
  goods 
  

   on 
  the 
  Indians. 
  During 
  this 
  same 
  period, 
  Indian 
  communities 
  entered 
  

   the 
  field 
  of 
  commercial 
  enterprise 
  in 
  communal 
  shops 
  for 
  making 
  such 
  

   things 
  as 
  pottery, 
  cloth, 
  and 
  glass 
  objects. 
  Some 
  community 
  special- 
  

   ization 
  still 
  exists. 
  

  

  Today, 
  the 
  Indian 
  crafts 
  are 
  limited. 
  Utilitarian 
  ceramics 
  are 
  still 
  

   made, 
  sometimes 
  by 
  individual 
  families, 
  but 
  more 
  frequently 
  by 
  whole 
  

  

  