﻿PREFACE 
  XXVII 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  or 
  Quechua, 
  by 
  way 
  of 
  background 
  to 
  the 
  next 
  article. 
  

   Rowe 
  brings 
  together 
  the 
  threads 
  of 
  history 
  in 
  a 
  complete 
  ethno- 
  

   graphic 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest, 
  his 
  article 
  

   linking 
  prehistory 
  and 
  history. 
  Valcarcel 
  adds 
  detailed 
  descrip- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  two 
  basic 
  Inca 
  patterns, 
  the 
  calendrical 
  system 
  and 
  the 
  mar- 
  

   kets, 
  both 
  subjects 
  on 
  which 
  he 
  is 
  a 
  leading 
  authority. 
  The 
  post- 
  

   Conquest 
  development 
  of 
  Inca 
  or 
  Quechua 
  culture 
  under 
  Spanish 
  

   influence, 
  a 
  subject 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  awaiting 
  the 
  combined 
  talents 
  of 
  an 
  

   historian 
  and 
  ethnologist, 
  is 
  analyzed 
  by 
  Kubler. 
  A 
  special 
  and 
  

   somewhat 
  controversial 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  post-Conquest 
  period 
  has 
  been 
  

   the 
  exact 
  nature 
  and 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  ayllu 
  — 
  the 
  agricultural 
  

   community 
  which 
  seemingly 
  has 
  formed 
  the 
  stable 
  nucleus 
  of 
  most 
  

   Andean 
  societies 
  and 
  which 
  is 
  so 
  vital 
  an 
  element 
  in 
  contemporary 
  

   national 
  life. 
  Peru's 
  leading 
  authority, 
  Castro 
  Pozo, 
  has 
  contributed 
  

   an 
  article 
  on 
  this 
  subject. 
  Central 
  Andean 
  trends 
  are 
  brought 
  up 
  to 
  

   date 
  by 
  Mishkin's 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  modern 
  Quechua, 
  which, 
  for 
  want 
  of 
  

   published 
  material, 
  is 
  based 
  largely 
  on 
  his 
  own 
  field 
  work 
  in 
  a 
  village 
  

   near 
  Cuzco. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Aymara 
  area, 
  the 
  historic 
  and 
  contemporary 
  peoples 
  are 
  cov- 
  

   ered 
  by 
  Tschopik, 
  whose 
  description 
  of 
  modern 
  Aymara 
  ethnology 
  

   comes 
  from 
  his 
  own 
  field 
  study 
  in 
  Peru 
  and 
  from 
  an 
  unpublished 
  

   manuscript 
  by 
  LaBarre, 
  who 
  worked 
  in 
  Bolivia. 
  The 
  area 
  is 
  com- 
  

   pleted 
  with 
  a 
  brief 
  account 
  by 
  LaBarre 
  of 
  the 
  few 
  surviving 
  TJru- 
  

   Chipaya 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  Titicaca 
  region. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Southern 
  Andes, 
  the 
  cultures 
  were 
  less 
  developed 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  

   Central 
  Andes, 
  major 
  archeological 
  periods 
  are 
  less 
  evident, 
  and 
  the 
  

   natives 
  are 
  now 
  largely 
  assimilated 
  to 
  European 
  culture. 
  The 
  subject 
  

   matter 
  consequently 
  tends 
  to 
  be 
  divided 
  among 
  articles 
  according 
  to 
  

   areas, 
  each 
  with 
  its 
  tribe 
  or 
  local 
  culture, 
  rather 
  than 
  according 
  to 
  

   major 
  time 
  periods 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Central 
  Andes. 
  These 
  articles 
  combine 
  

   the 
  data 
  of 
  archeology 
  and 
  history, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  ethnographic 
  

   studies, 
  except 
  for 
  the 
  Araucanians. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  interesting 
  prehistoric 
  peoples 
  of 
  the 
  Southern 
  Andes 
  lived 
  

   in 
  Northwest 
  Argentina, 
  and 
  their 
  culture 
  has 
  long 
  been 
  the 
  object 
  

   of 
  study 
  by 
  a 
  distinguished 
  group 
  of 
  Argentine 
  anthropologists, 
  each 
  of 
  

   whom 
  has 
  devoted 
  himself 
  to 
  a 
  special 
  area. 
  Of 
  this 
  group, 
  Aparicio 
  

   has 
  given 
  the 
  Handbook 
  an 
  article 
  on 
  the 
  Comechingon 
  and 
  their 
  

   neighbors 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  C6rdoba; 
  Casanova, 
  one 
  on 
  the 
  Puna 
  and 
  the 
  

   Quebrada 
  de 
  Humahuaca; 
  and 
  Marquez 
  Miranda, 
  articles 
  on 
  the 
  cul- 
  

   tures 
  of 
  Santiago 
  del 
  Estero 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Diaguita. 
  The 
  

   Southern 
  Andean 
  area 
  is 
  filled 
  out 
  by 
  Bennett's 
  article 
  on 
  the 
  Ataca- 
  

   meno, 
  Willey's 
  on 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  La 
  Candelaria, 
  Bird's 
  on 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   historic 
  and 
  historic 
  peoples 
  on 
  the 
  Chilean 
  North 
  Coast, 
  Lothrop's 
  

   on 
  the 
  Chilean 
  Diaguita, 
  Cooper's 
  on 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  of 
  Chile, 
  and 
  

   Canals 
  Frau's 
  on 
  the 
  Araucanian 
  expansion 
  into 
  Argentina. 
  Of 
  all 
  

  

  