﻿XXVI 
  PREFACE 
  

  

  ture 
  with 
  its 
  vast 
  system 
  of 
  terraces 
  and 
  irrigation 
  works, 
  of 
  planned 
  

   cities 
  and 
  their 
  relationship 
  to 
  the 
  local 
  agricultural 
  communities, 
  of 
  

   architecture, 
  bridges, 
  and 
  roads, 
  of 
  metallurgy, 
  weaving, 
  and 
  the 
  

   other 
  arts 
  of 
  manufacture, 
  and 
  even 
  of 
  the 
  growth 
  and 
  decline 
  of 
  

   empires. 
  The 
  full 
  story 
  cannot 
  yet 
  be 
  told, 
  however, 
  because 
  arche- 
  

   ology 
  in 
  the 
  Andean 
  area 
  is 
  still 
  endeavoring 
  to 
  construct 
  a 
  solid 
  

   chronological 
  scheme, 
  according 
  to 
  which 
  its 
  cultural 
  data 
  can 
  be 
  

   arranged 
  sequentially 
  and 
  thus 
  developmentally. 
  The 
  major 
  frame- 
  

   work 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  scheme 
  has 
  been 
  established 
  in 
  Peru, 
  but 
  many 
  details 
  

   await 
  to 
  be 
  filled 
  in. 
  Elsewhere, 
  especially 
  in 
  Colombia, 
  chronology 
  

   has 
  scarcely 
  been 
  roughed 
  out. 
  

  

  To 
  construct 
  a 
  chronological 
  scheme, 
  pottery 
  types 
  are 
  used 
  as 
  

   time-markers, 
  comparable 
  to 
  index 
  fossils 
  in 
  historical 
  geology. 
  When 
  

   the 
  age 
  and 
  distribution 
  of 
  these 
  types 
  are 
  known, 
  they 
  serve 
  to 
  date 
  

   other 
  cultural 
  materials 
  associated 
  with 
  them. 
  The 
  necessity 
  for 
  

   first 
  estabfishing 
  a 
  ceramic 
  chronology, 
  which 
  is 
  all 
  too 
  little 
  under- 
  

   stood 
  outside 
  the 
  archeological 
  profession, 
  accounts 
  for 
  the 
  great 
  

   amount 
  of 
  field 
  work 
  devoted 
  in 
  recent 
  years 
  to 
  ceramic 
  stratigraphy 
  

   and 
  for 
  the 
  attention 
  given 
  in 
  this 
  volume 
  to 
  pottery 
  types 
  and 
  their 
  

   relative 
  ages. 
  Eventually, 
  however, 
  when 
  the 
  basic 
  chronology 
  is 
  

   better 
  established, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  possible 
  to 
  describe 
  the 
  total 
  cultural 
  

   development 
  with 
  greater 
  completeness 
  and 
  to 
  link 
  prehistoric 
  and 
  

   historic 
  trends 
  more 
  closely 
  together. 
  

  

  The 
  historical 
  articles 
  pick 
  up 
  the 
  cultural 
  trends 
  revealed 
  by 
  arche- 
  

   ology 
  and 
  add 
  those 
  recorded 
  in 
  written 
  history. 
  These 
  differ 
  from 
  

   the 
  first 
  type 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  their 
  sources 
  of 
  information 
  but 
  in 
  having 
  

   to 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  interaction 
  of 
  the 
  aboriginal 
  and 
  the 
  European 
  

   cultures. 
  The 
  post-Conquest 
  Period 
  of 
  Indian 
  acculturation, 
  espe- 
  

   cially 
  in 
  South 
  America, 
  has 
  been 
  almost 
  completely 
  ignored 
  in 
  the 
  

   past. 
  We 
  believe 
  that 
  this 
  volume 
  of 
  the 
  Handbook 
  has 
  made 
  some 
  

   pioneering 
  contributions 
  to 
  this 
  subject. 
  

  

  The 
  third 
  type 
  of 
  article 
  is 
  ethnographic, 
  based 
  on 
  modern 
  field 
  

   studies 
  of 
  contemporary 
  tribes 
  who 
  represent 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  long 
  

   historical 
  trends 
  and 
  the 
  interaction 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  and 
  Spanish 
  cultures. 
  

   Not 
  over 
  half 
  a 
  dozen 
  such 
  studies 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  heretofore, 
  ! 
  however, 
  

   despite 
  the 
  practical 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  scientific 
  importance 
  of 
  understanding 
  

   the 
  modern 
  Indians. 
  

  

  By 
  combining 
  these 
  three 
  kinds 
  of 
  articles, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  describe 
  

   with 
  considerable 
  continuity 
  an 
  extraordinarily 
  long 
  period 
  of 
  culture 
  

   development 
  and 
  change, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  Central 
  Andes. 
  Bennett's 
  

   article 
  on 
  Central 
  Andean 
  archeology 
  gives 
  a 
  general 
  summary 
  of 
  all 
  

   the 
  prehistoric 
  periods 
  and 
  cultures, 
  with 
  Larco 
  Hoyle's 
  supplying 
  a 
  

   remarkable 
  sketch 
  of 
  what 
  might 
  be 
  called 
  the 
  prehistoric 
  ethnology 
  

   of 
  the 
  North 
  Coast, 
  based 
  on 
  thousands 
  of 
  life-form 
  pots, 
  and 
  Valcar- 
  

   cel's 
  presenting 
  special 
  material 
  on 
  the 
  archeology 
  of 
  Cuzco, 
  the 
  home 
  

  

  