﻿Vol.2] 
  ANDEAN 
  HIGHLANDS 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  31 
  

  

  villages 
  which 
  specialize 
  in 
  making 
  ceramics 
  to 
  be 
  distributed 
  via 
  the 
  

   system 
  of 
  local 
  markets. 
  A 
  few 
  Indians 
  continue 
  to 
  work 
  with 
  metals 
  

   although 
  the 
  old 
  skills 
  are 
  gone. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  objects 
  once 
  manufac- 
  

   tured 
  by 
  the 
  Indians 
  have 
  been 
  replaced 
  by 
  superior 
  ones 
  of 
  iron 
  and 
  

   steel. 
  

  

  Weaving 
  is 
  still 
  extensively 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  Indians. 
  The 
  girdle-back 
  

   loom 
  and 
  the 
  simple 
  implements 
  for 
  spinning 
  and 
  weaving 
  are 
  still 
  

   in 
  use. 
  In 
  some 
  places, 
  an 
  upright 
  treadle 
  loom 
  is 
  now 
  employed 
  by 
  

   the 
  Indians. 
  As 
  a 
  rule, 
  women 
  now 
  weave 
  on 
  girdle-back 
  and 
  simple 
  - 
  

   belt 
  looms, 
  and 
  men 
  weave 
  on 
  the 
  treadle 
  looms. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  weaving 
  

   done 
  today 
  is 
  for 
  the 
  utilitarian 
  garments 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  local 
  Indians. 
  

   However, 
  there 
  are 
  individuals 
  and 
  localities 
  which 
  still 
  specialize 
  in 
  

   finer 
  weaving 
  for 
  the 
  urban 
  market. 
  The 
  products, 
  however, 
  are 
  

   limited 
  in 
  techniques 
  and 
  rarely 
  achieve 
  a 
  skill 
  or 
  fineness 
  comparable 
  

   with 
  the 
  pre-Spanish 
  periods. 
  

  

  CLOTHING 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  Although 
  details 
  of 
  dress 
  reflected 
  regional 
  and 
  time 
  differences, 
  the 
  

   standard 
  clothing 
  pattern 
  remained 
  the 
  same 
  throughout 
  the 
  archeo- 
  

   logical 
  periods 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  Andes. 
  The 
  basic 
  male 
  costume 
  con- 
  

   sisted 
  of 
  a 
  breechclout, 
  a 
  wrap-around 
  skirt, 
  a 
  shirt 
  with 
  or 
  without 
  

   sleeves, 
  and 
  a 
  shawl. 
  The 
  women 
  wore 
  a 
  wrap-around 
  siQgle-piece 
  

   dress, 
  secured 
  at 
  the 
  waist 
  by 
  a 
  belt, 
  and 
  a 
  mantle 
  over 
  the 
  shoulders. 
  

   Both 
  men 
  and 
  women 
  wore 
  sandals 
  and 
  some 
  kind 
  of 
  headgear. 
  A 
  

   woven 
  bag 
  with 
  a 
  shoulder 
  strap 
  was 
  a 
  standard 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  costume. 
  

  

  Class 
  distinctions 
  in 
  costume 
  are 
  clearly 
  depicted 
  in 
  the 
  Early 
  

   Mochica 
  Period 
  ceramics. 
  Early 
  Period 
  graves 
  on 
  the 
  South 
  Coast 
  

   differ 
  in 
  the 
  elaborateness 
  of 
  clothing 
  which 
  accompanies 
  the 
  burials. 
  

   Costume 
  also 
  distinguished 
  certain 
  occupational 
  groups, 
  such 
  as 
  war- 
  

   riors, 
  priests, 
  and 
  runners. 
  In 
  all 
  periods, 
  special 
  costumes 
  were 
  made 
  

   for 
  dancers. 
  Mortuary 
  clothing 
  was 
  not 
  only 
  distinctive 
  but 
  also 
  

   elaborate. 
  

  

  A 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  ornaments 
  and 
  methods 
  of 
  body 
  decoration 
  were 
  

   employed 
  in 
  the 
  Early 
  Periods. 
  Tattooing, 
  scarification, 
  and 
  face 
  

   painting 
  were 
  practiced. 
  Skulls 
  were 
  artificially 
  deformed. 
  Ear- 
  

   plugs, 
  nose 
  plugs, 
  and 
  lip 
  plugs 
  were 
  common, 
  and 
  ornamental 
  facial 
  

   masks 
  were 
  worn. 
  The 
  artifacts 
  discovered 
  in 
  excavating 
  Early 
  sites 
  

   include 
  many 
  types 
  of 
  beads, 
  necklaces, 
  anklets, 
  rings, 
  collars, 
  plumes, 
  

   and 
  metal 
  or 
  shell 
  pincers 
  for 
  beard 
  plucking. 
  Although 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  

   scarification 
  depicted 
  on 
  the 
  modeled 
  pottery 
  vessels 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  

   ornamental, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  indication 
  of 
  the 
  leg 
  or 
  arm 
  ligatures 
  so 
  typical 
  

   of 
  the 
  Amazon. 
  

  

  The 
  Colonial 
  Spanish 
  Period 
  introduced 
  many 
  changes 
  in 
  costume. 
  

   As 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  process 
  of 
  reducing 
  all 
  Indians 
  to 
  one 
  class 
  level, 
  dis- 
  

   tinctions 
  in 
  clothing 
  were 
  eradicated. 
  The 
  Indians 
  were 
  forced 
  to 
  

  

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