﻿Vol.2] 
  ANDEAN 
  HIGHLANDS 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  37 
  

  

  this 
  volume, 
  pp. 
  331-410) 
  suggests 
  many 
  possibilities 
  in 
  his 
  discussion 
  

   of 
  the 
  historical 
  periods, 
  but 
  many 
  are 
  not 
  confirmable 
  in 
  the 
  limited 
  

   framework 
  of 
  archeological 
  evidence. 
  A 
  careful 
  study 
  of 
  settlement 
  

   pattern 
  and 
  village 
  type 
  might 
  be 
  feasible. 
  Likewise, 
  one 
  could 
  

   analyze 
  the 
  dominance 
  of 
  various 
  centers 
  throughout 
  the 
  total 
  history 
  

   and 
  consider 
  the 
  factors 
  which 
  have 
  caused 
  shifts 
  in 
  these 
  centers. 
  

   The 
  over-all 
  transportation 
  pattern, 
  land 
  tenure 
  and 
  land 
  use, 
  leader- 
  

   ship 
  pattern 
  and 
  prestige, 
  are 
  other 
  suggestions. 
  Population 
  shift 
  

   likewise 
  is 
  of 
  interest, 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  colonization 
  (mitimaes), 
  forced 
  

   withdrawal 
  into 
  the 
  mountains 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  spread 
  of 
  archeological 
  

   3tyles, 
  and 
  the 
  mobility 
  of 
  vagrant 
  groups 
  following 
  the 
  Conquest. 
  

  

  THE 
  SOUTHERN 
  ANDES 
  

  

  The 
  Southern 
  Andes 
  include 
  those 
  peoples 
  who 
  occupied 
  the 
  moun- 
  

   tain 
  region 
  of 
  Northwest 
  Argentina, 
  North 
  Chile, 
  and 
  Central 
  Chile 
  

   south 
  to 
  the 
  Island 
  of 
  Chiloe\ 
  The 
  tribes 
  farther 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  in 
  

   Chile 
  are 
  included 
  in 
  volume 
  1 
  of 
  the 
  Handbook, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  hunting 
  

   and 
  gathering 
  peoples. 
  The 
  Central 
  Andean 
  region 
  presents 
  a 
  com- 
  

   paratively 
  uniform 
  pattern 
  of 
  culture 
  throughout 
  its 
  history, 
  but 
  such 
  

   uniformity 
  is 
  less 
  evident 
  in 
  the 
  Southern 
  Andes. 
  Cultures 
  such 
  as 
  

   the 
  Diaguita, 
  the 
  Atacameno, 
  and 
  others, 
  which 
  were 
  directly 
  adjacent 
  

   to 
  the 
  Central 
  Andes, 
  reflect 
  considerable 
  influence 
  from 
  the 
  Central 
  

   Andean 
  culture. 
  The 
  Araucanians, 
  who 
  were 
  farther 
  away, 
  have 
  a 
  

   more 
  independent 
  pattern. 
  The 
  period 
  of 
  Inca 
  occupation 
  undoubt- 
  

   edly 
  obscured 
  many 
  differences 
  which 
  had 
  previously 
  existed 
  in 
  the 
  

   Southern 
  Andes, 
  but 
  distinctive 
  local 
  orientation 
  and 
  cultural 
  empha- 
  

   sis 
  is 
  none 
  the 
  less 
  recognizable. 
  

  

  The 
  tribes 
  of 
  Northwest 
  Argentina 
  and 
  North 
  Chile 
  share 
  many 
  

   cultural 
  similarities. 
  Among 
  such 
  groups 
  as 
  the 
  Diaguita, 
  the 
  Ataca- 
  

   meno, 
  the 
  Humahuaca 
  (Omaguaca) 
  , 
  the 
  Chicha, 
  the 
  Lule, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Churajon 
  of 
  Arequipa, 
  the 
  same 
  general 
  cultural 
  orientation 
  is 
  seen. 
  

   All 
  are 
  agriculturists 
  with 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  technical 
  equipment, 
  and 
  

   all 
  emphasize 
  herding. 
  The 
  stone 
  masonry, 
  house 
  types, 
  village 
  pat- 
  

   tern, 
  storage 
  bins, 
  and 
  forts 
  are 
  closely 
  similar 
  throughout. 
  Metal 
  

   artifacts 
  are 
  almost 
  identical 
  in 
  each 
  group. 
  Wooden 
  artifacts, 
  such 
  

   as 
  snuff 
  tablets 
  and 
  tubes 
  and 
  many 
  others, 
  are 
  shared 
  by 
  all. 
  The 
  

   pattern 
  of 
  warfare 
  and 
  the 
  typical 
  weapons 
  are 
  everywhere 
  the 
  same. 
  

   Coiled 
  basketry, 
  weaving, 
  and 
  leatherwork 
  do 
  not 
  differ 
  greatly. 
  

   Pottery, 
  although 
  differing 
  in 
  details 
  of 
  shape, 
  is 
  similar 
  in 
  general 
  type 
  

   of 
  geometric 
  design. 
  The 
  simple 
  political 
  and 
  social 
  organization, 
  

   judging 
  by 
  limited 
  historical 
  knowledge, 
  varied 
  but 
  little 
  from 
  one 
  

   group 
  to 
  ari 
  other. 
  

  

  The 
  inclusion 
  of 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  with 
  the 
  tribes 
  of 
  Northwest 
  

   Argentina 
  and 
  North 
  Chile 
  is 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  convenience 
  based 
  on 
  

  

  